地膜棉花土壤生态的研究

地膜栽培棉花能改善土壤的理化性状和微量生物性状,使土壤增温保墒,容重降低,孔隙度增大;加强土壤微生物活动,使总菌数增加,尤其是细菌数量的增加最为明显;有利于土壤养分的释放及腐殖的形成和积累;覆膜棉花的生长发育加快,从土壤吸收养分的数量大大地增加,产量显著地提高。     

"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染变化特征分析

为了解"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染特征及变化趋势情况,利用"十二五"期间广西全区14个市的大气降水监测数据,通过pH值、酸雨频率、降水离子组分3方面数据统计并分析其变化趋势。"十二五"期间广西酸雨污染主要为弱酸性酸雨,其次为酸性酸雨,重酸性酸雨污染占比不足20%,较少有严重酸性酸雨;降水酸度总体呈减弱趋势,酸雨频率呈波动下降趋势,5年期间城市酸雨污染整体呈减轻趋势;酸雨区域主要集中在桂北、桂西部地区,东南部由酸雨区域变为非酸雨区域,酸雨区域面积有所减少;降水中SO24-离子当量浓度逐年下降,NO3-离子当量浓度呈上升趋势,SO24-/NO3-的比值呈现显著下降趋势,广西酸雨污染特征由硫酸型向硫酸与硝酸混合型酸雨过渡。广西的酸雨污染略有减轻趋势,这与广西近年来的环境治理取得的成效有关。     

GC-ECD法测定中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药残留量

本研究在于建立10种中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药:六六六(α-BHC、β-BHC、γ-BHC和δ-BHC 4种异构体),滴滴涕(pp′-DDE、pp′-DDD、pp′-DDT和op′-DDT 4种同系物),五氯硝基苯,艾试剂,七氯,环氧七氯,异狄氏剂,狄氏剂,六氯苯,五氯苯胺,五氯甲基苯硫醚,顺氯丹,反氯丹和氧氯丹残留量的GC-ECD测定方法。将配方颗粒样品经乙酸乙酯超声提取,再经Florisil固相萃取小柱及硫酸磺化净化,采用DB-5气相毛细管色谱柱(柱长60m,内径0.25mm,膜厚0.25μm)检测。所使用的方法为程序升温,ECD检测器检测,内标法定量,进样口温度250℃,检测器温度300℃,载气为高纯氮气(99.999%),流速为1.0mL·min~(-1),脉冲不分流进样,进样量为1μL。结果表明:20种农药成分在2～100μg/L时有良好的线性关系。20种农药成分加标回收率范围为71.37%～118.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.19%～7.88%。该方法简便、准确,可应用于中药配方颗粒中20种有机氯农药留量的同时检测。     

蔗渣纤维制备高吸水树脂研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,通过超声波辅助碱性双氧水法进行预处理,接枝改性制备具有高吸水、保水性能的高吸水树脂.研究了丙烯酸/蔗渣配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、中和度等因素对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响;采用傅里叶红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分别对预处理前后蔗渣及高吸水树脂进行接枝情况、结晶情况、结构与形貌进行表征.结果表明:最佳条件为丙烯酸/蔗渣配比10 mL/g、引发剂用量0.12 g、交联剂用量4 mg、中和度80%;对蔗渣纤维的预处理能够明显提高树脂的吸水性能;室温放置72 h,对去离子水的保水率为97%.该树脂对去离子水、自来水、0.9%NaCl溶液的吸水倍率分别为413、104和14 g/g.     

正交试验法优化女贞子提取工艺

以特女贞苷、齐墩果酸、熊果酸的提取转移率为指标,采用单因素考察及正交试验法优化女贞子的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为8倍量60%乙醇,提取3次,每次3 h。特女贞苷、齐墩果酸、熊果酸转移率分别为75.42%、93.86%、99.83%。优化所得工艺提取效果良好,工艺简便,可用于工业化生产。     

有机蒙脱土复合型高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对钠基蒙脱土进行有机改性,制得有机蒙脱土,采用水溶液聚合法将有机蒙脱土与衣康酸(IA)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(N-MAM)共聚制备了有机蒙脱土复合型高吸水性树脂,研究了该树脂的吸液性能和热稳定性能.结果表明:当有机蒙脱土质量占聚合单体总质量3%时,复合型高吸水性树脂的吸水性、耐盐性和热稳定性得到了提高,在pH7～10范围吸水能力最强.     

加工工艺对鸡酥松脂肪氧化的影响

为研究加工工艺对鸡酥松加工过程脂肪氧化的影响,考察蒸煮时间、蒸煮温度、炒松时间对2-硫代巴比妥酸值的影响,分析炒松工艺对鸡酥松脂肪氧化以及综合评分的影响,结果表明,炒松时间显著影响脂肪氧化,加工工艺中对脂肪氧化影响程度由大到小依次为炒松时间、蒸煮温度和初煮时间,而影响产品综合评估得分的因素由强至弱依次为炒松时间、初煮时间和蒸煮温度;优化后较适的加工工艺条件为初煮50min、复煮10min、蒸煮温度90℃、炒松时间20min、2-硫代巴比妥酸作用底物值为2.26mg/kg。产品综合评分与2-硫代巴比妥酸作用底物值的趋势并不完全吻合,鸡酥松加工过程中的工艺影响脂肪氧化程度和产品品质。     

水环境下羟自由基致 Asp 分子损伤机理

采用色散校正密度泛函的WB97X D、 从头算的MP2及自洽反应场理论的SMD模型等方法, 研究在水气相和水液相环境下羟自由基抽取α 氢致天冬氨酸(Asp)损伤的反应机理. 结果表明： 水分子辅助羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤反应有2个通道a和b, 在通道a中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和氨基氮通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 在通道b中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和羰基氧通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 该通道为优势通道; 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为-0.7,18.7 kJ/mol; 羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤的反应有1个通道, 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为8.1,29.9 kJ/mol.     

氯化亚锡作为还原剂在废旧锂离子电池有价金属浸出回收中的应用研究

The reductant is a critical factor in the hydrometallurgical recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). There is limited information regarding the use of SnCl₂ as a reductant with organic acid (maleic acid) for recovering valuable metals from spent LiCoO₂ material. In this study, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Co with 1 mol·L?1 of maleic acid and 0.3 mol·L?1 of SnCl₂ were found to be 98.67% and 97.5%, respectively, at 60°C and a reaction time of 40 min. We investigated the kinetics and thermodynamics of the leaching process in this study to better understand the mechanism of the leaching process. Based on a comparison with H₂O₂ with respect to leaching efficiency, the optimal leaching parameters, and the activation energy, we determined that it is feasible to replace H₂O₂ with SnCl₂ as a leaching reductant in the leaching process. In addition, when SnCl₂ is used in the acid-leaching process, Sn residue in the leachate may have a positive effect on the re-synthesis of nickel-rich cathode materials. Therefore, the results of this study provide a potential direction for the selection of reductants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.     

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes based on metal-organic frameworks and superacid ZrO2 fillers for high-performance all solid-state lithium metal batteries

Anion-immobilized solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) are important to restrain the propagation of lithium dendrites for all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Herein, a novel SCEs based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66-NH2) and superacid ZrO2 (S-ZrO2) fillers are proposed, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and some other electrochemical measurements. The –NH2 groups of UiO-66-NH2 combines with F atoms of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) chains by hydrogen bonds, leading to a high electrochemical stability window of 5 V. Owing to the incorporation of UiO-66-NH2 and S-ZrO2 in PVDF-HFP polymer, the open met-al sites of MOFs and acid surfaces of S-ZrO2 can immobilize anions by strong Lewis acid-base interaction, which enhances the effect of im-mobilization anions, achieving a high Li-ion transference number (t+) of 0.72, and acquiring a high ionic conductivity of 1.05×10–4 S·cm–1 at 60°C. The symmetrical Li/Li cells with the anion-immobilized SCEs may steadily operate for over 600 h at 0.05 mA·cm–2 without the short-circuit occurring. Besides, the solid composite Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) cell with the anion-immobilized SCEs shows a superior discharge specific ca-pacity of 158 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C. The results illustrate that the anion-immobilized SCEs are one of the most promising choices to optimize the performances of ASSLMBs.