A comparative study on 3-D solar wind structure observed by Ulysses and MHD simulation

Ulysses, which was a joint NASA/ESA probe to studythe sun and launched in October of 1990, has been thefirst spacecraft to explore the high latitudinal regions ofheliosphere till now[1]. One of its main scientific purposeswas to observe the latitudinal structures of solar wind pa-rameters, such as velocity, density, mass flux, magneticfield, etc.[1―4]. During its first rapid pole-to-pole transitcovering heliographic latitudes of ±80° from September of1994 to June of 1995, Ulysses observ…     

2022年空间科学与深空探测热点回眸

2022年世界空间科学和探索热点频现。按空间天文、日球层物理、行星科学、空间地球科学和微重力物理与空间生命科学五大领域,梳理了全球空间科学重要进展,韦布空间望远镜及其首批成果成为年度最大亮点;盘点了各国空间科学任务及其代表性成果,中国空间科学先导专项科学卫星系列以及探月工程“嫦娥五号”样品的研究突破令人瞩目。载人航天是空间科学与应用的重要平台,中国空间站建成引起世界关注。点评了各国的空间科学中长期规划和国家空间战略相关情况,展望了2023年即将发射升空的空间科学新任务。     

Concentration of nitrate in the Guliya ice core from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the solar activity

The variations of NO\+-\-3 concentration in the Guliya ice core are reconstructed for recent about 1 000 a. Spectrum analysis of NO\+-\-3 indicates significant periodicities in the variations of NO\+-\-3 concentration, which coincide with the periodicities of the solar activity. Therefore, a positive correlation between the variations of NO\+-\-3 concentration and the solar activity is found.     

北京晴天太阳辐射模型与ASHRAE模型的比较

本文通过北京晴天太阳辐射模型与ＡＳＨＲＡＥ晴天模型的比较,说明北京模型无论从合理性上还是从计算上,都可以认为是较适宜的一个地区性模型．     

中国古代正史31次日全（环）食记录的研究

古代日全（环）食记录一般表示为“日有食之,既”。本收集整理了中国古代正史３１次日全（环）食记录,用现代４种不同计算日食的方法,给出了当时国都等地的见食情况－食甚时刻和食分;同时对这些全（环）食资料的可靠性进行了分析和评判,并试图给出一个较为合理料,方可进一步用于地球自转长期变化等课题的研究。     

Blue TiO2 polymorph: An efficient material for dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated using a low-temperature sintering process

Recently,surface-disordered or non-stoichiometric TiO_2,such as blue TiO_2(B-TiO_2),has received much attention owing to its unique properties,such as structural disorder near the surface and the existence of Ti~(3+)ions and oxygen vacancies.Therefore,surface-disordered TiO_2has been applied for microwave absorption,photocatalysis,in photoelectrochemical sensors and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.In this work B-TiO_2,a polymorph consisting of nanoparticles,nanotubes and nanosheets,was successfully synthesized and employed as a semiconductor layer in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)fabricated using a low-temperature heat treatment process(120°C).Based on the analyses of the experimental results regarding the structure and those from the characterization of B-TiO_2,and its application to DSSCs,it has been found that the B-TiO_2 material has an effect on electron-hole pair separation.The conversion efficiency of the B-TiO_2 DSSC(BTiO_2-DSSC)was 6.18%,whereas that of the TiO_2-P25 DSSC(P25-DSSC)was 3.61%,and that of the TiO_2 polymorph DSSC(PTiO_2-DSSC)which is the precursor of B-TiO_2 was 4.51%.     

Reducing Zn diffusion in single axial junction InP nanowire solar cells for improved performance

In this work axial n-i-p junction InP nanowires were grown by selective-area metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA-MOVPE) technique with the growth sequence starting from n-segment. The optical properties and carrier lifetimes of the n-, i- and p-type segments were studied and compared using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. We demonstrate for the first time that CL is capable of resolving the electrical profile of the nanowires, namely the varied lengths of the n-, i- and p-segments, providing a simple and effective approach for nanowire growth calibration and optimization. The CL result was further confirmed by electron beam induced current (EBIC) and photocurrent mapping measurements performed from the fabricated single nanowire solar cell devices. It is revealed that despite a non-optimized device structure (very long n-region and short i-region), the n-i-p nanowire solar cells show improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the previously reported p-i-n (growth starts with p-segment) single nanowire solar cells due to reduced p-type dopant (Zn) diffusion during the growth of n-i-p solar cell structure.     

光强自助校准的太阳能电池 J-V 自动测试系统

为解决现有太阳能电池测试系统结构复杂、价格昂贵和使用不便等问题,研制了一种具有光强自动校准功能的太阳能电池 J-V( Current Density-Voltage) 特性测试系统,能实现多个太阳能电池器件的自动测 量。系统由计算机及测试软件、数字源表 Keithley2400、输出功率为 500 W 的氙灯光源及其驱动电源、多器件自动 切换及其测量电路、标准光电二极管组成的光电流测量电路及光强校准电路、氙灯工作时长测量电路等模块构成,上位机测试软件采用 Visual Basic 语言编写。测试软件依据在标准光电二极管测到的光电流,并通过单片机控制的调光电路输出相应的直流电压到氙灯驱动电源,实现了氙灯光强的自动校准和标准100 mW /cm2 AM1． 5太阳光谱的输出,同时测试软件通过数字源表和多器件自动测量电路分别测得各器件的 J-V 特性,并计算出器件的效率等参数。测试结果表明,该系统达到了既定的设计目标,具有成本低、自动化程度高且使用方便等特点。     

小型长航时太阳能无人机总体设计优化方法

为解决小型长航时太阳能无人机总体设计中能量获取过程精确度低、设计参数区间寻优困难的问题,基于能量平衡原理提出了"小型低空长航时太阳能无人机总体设计优化方法"。为准确表征太阳辐射强度,引入了大气质量和大气透明度系数,用直射辐射强度和散射辐射强度建立了无人机的太阳辐射模型;基于太阳能飞机能量原理,结合太阳辐射模型和能量关系,统计无人机质量分配并参数化建模,建立了能量平衡模型并进行了验证;提出跨夜剩余航时的概念,以跨夜剩余航时最大化为目标,利用遗传算法进行优化,得到最优设计参数和方案。以6月22日在西安执飞为例进行优化设计,研制试验样机进行了飞行试验。研究表明,验证机具备跨夜飞行能力。     

全饱和型太阳池的初步探讨

本文考虑在维持太阳池稳定性的基础上,提出建立自平衡体系的设想和全饱和型太阳池模型,并讨论其自平衡机制以及对材料性质的要求。同时还考虑饱和盐水溶液的潜热蓄热性能,提出利用溶解吸热的设想,并阐述其可能性和重要意义。