Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.     

Soil Organic Carbon Loss under Different Slope Gradients in Loess Hilly Region

Based on field runoff plots observation and sample analysis, the effect of slope gradient on soil organic carbon loss was studied under natural rainfall conditions in loess hilly region. The results showed that with slope gradient increasing （from10° to 30°）, the changing trend of soil erosion intensity （A） was A20°〉A30°〉A15°〉A10°〉A25°, suggesting that slope gradient between 20° and 25° was a critical degree ranger to exist. Soil organic carbon loss was mainly influenced by soil erosion intensity, appearing the same trend as did soil erosion intensity with increasing slope gradient. Soil erosion results in organic carbon enrichment in sediment. Average enrichment ratios of five runoff plots varied from 2.27 to 3.74, and decreased with increasing erosion intensity and slope gradient. The decrease of surface runoff and soil erosion is the key to reduce soil organic carbon loss.     

Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity of Different Soil Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

The vegetation spatial heterogeneity and ecological characteristics in different soil regions were analyzed by surveying the vegetation in 12 different soil regions of Inner Mongolia, China, including conifer- ous-broadleaf deciduous forests, shrub, grassland, and desert regions with 1122 large 2 cm × 2 cm quad- rats (actual size 30 km × 30 km, referred to as L-quadrat hereafter) in about 1.18 million km2. Each L- quadrat was divided into four small 1 cm × 1 cm quadrats (actual size 15 km × 15 km, S-quadrat). The vegetation was analyzed based on the beta-binomial distribution to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each kind of vegetation. The weighted average of the heterogeneity of all vegeta- tion in the same soil region provides a measure of the soil regional landscape level heterogeneity which de- scribes the spatial complexity of the regional landscape composition of the existing vegetation. Comparison of the vegetation characteristics in the 12 soil regions shows that, the calcic gray soil has the highest average vegetation type per quadrat. The largest soil region is calcic chestnut soil and has the most vegetation types. Every soil region has its own dominant vegetation sequence which dominates in occurrence and dominant vegetation types which dominates in spatial heterogeneity. For the Inner Mongolian vegetation, the weighted average of the heterogeneity is 0.60 and the vegetation diversity index is 4.47.     

兰州地区深基坑支护技术探讨

分析兰州地区深基坑支护的设计和施工现状,探讨适合于兰州地区的深基坑支护技术.分别介绍土钉墙支护、土钉加预应力锚杆联合支护、框架预应力锚杆支护技术的作用机理,结合工程实例说明其在兰州地区的应用.实践证明,这3种支护技术适合于兰州地区.当基坑深度小于8.0 m时,采用土钉墙比较合适;当基坑深度在8.0~10.0 m之间时,可以考虑采用土钉加预应力锚杆的复合支护结构;当基坑深度大于10.0 m时,选择框架预应力锚杆支护结构更加合理.     

地基板非线性力学响应的三维有限元数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了地基板-地基土相互作用体系的三维有限元模型,通过与实验数据的比较,证实了该模型的正确性与合理性.在此基础上,分析了地基土的材料非线性、地基板-地基土之间的状态非线性、地基板的长宽比以及厚度等因素对地基板非线性响应的影响.结果表明,该模型可以比较真实地反映地基板-地基土相互作用的非线性响应状态.     

清代皖西引种玉米甘薯史实及其检讨

明中叶后,美洲的玉米与甘薯越过大洋,先后来到中国安家落户,也走进皖西淮河、长江支流的一处处谷地和上游大别山区的高山腹地。玉米和甘薯是比较典型的旱粮作物,它们不太苛刻的种植条件带来了两种作物的极度扩张,从而为中国人的食物结构加进了新元素,从根本上改变了种植地民众食物不足的困境,尤其是解决了山区越冬食物不足和春荒的困难。但何炳棣"整体史学"的思维告诉我们,玉米和甘薯的引种,也带来了人口的激增;涌向山地的农民由于缺乏山地耕作的经验,又造成了水土流失和环境危急的日益严重。当然,只要能采取波伦式谨慎选择的态度,玉米和甘薯基本上是个好东西。历史的启示是,人类与自然之间只能走一条"共同进化"的路。     

邹城高层建筑箱形基础下地基承载力的分析

从地基土的构成特征、物理力学指标等方面分析了邹城白云大夏基础持力层的选择，通过强度验算和沉降计算，认为第３层砾粗砂作为持力层是适宜的，采用箱形基础能满足要求。     

Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Models of Grassland Ecosystem-A Case Study on Jianou Mountain Grassland Ecosystem

This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem＇s soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After analysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil. runoff and slope gradient, we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the models, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g. , optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.     

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩处理公路软土地基

文章介绍了水泥粉煤灰碎石桩加固软土公路地基的原理和施工要点，重点介绍震动成桩施工方法和施工要点。     

冻土钻削与冲击的研究

根据冻土的性质,进行了冻土层的钻削过程和冲击过程的理论分析,讨论了钎具的排粉问题,结合实践,提出了对于不同的冻土,采用不同的钻眼设备,可提高钻凿冻土的速度.