中国公路盐渍土的分区方案

在研究中国公路自然区划和盐渍土地区公路修筑技术的基础上，论述了中国盐渍土的分布和分布规律，分析了原有公路盐渍土分区的不足。根据新的资料和工程实践经验，考虑公路发展的需要，采用综合自然区划的一般原则和方法，紧紧围绕为公路工程服务的目的，提出了新的公路盐渍土分区方案。将中国盐渍土分布区划分为滨海盐渍土大区、东部半干旱-半湿润盐渍土大区、中部干旱盐渍土大区、西部强干旱盐渍土大区与特干盆地盐渍土大区5个大区，并给出了各大区内盐渍土的特点和修筑公路所面临问题的主要差别。对各大区内部亚区的划分也提出了方案和意见。     

复杂地基的人工挖孔桩成孔施工技术

本文就人工挖孔灌注桩在复杂地基条件下的排水施工方法，穿越流砂、淤泥质土层，岩层和岩溶地基的人工成孔施工技术作了有益的探讨．     

旱作农业区土壤墒情监测技术

阐述了土壤墒情监测的意义以及土壤墒情监测点的建立应遵循的原则,介绍了土壤墒情测试方法及相应的仪器配置、数据的分析与传递、监测资料的归档整理。     

不同水土流失治理模式下的土壤理化特征

在福建省长汀县水土流失区土壤调查与实验的基础上，对土壤理化特征进行深入分析．研究表明：研究区内因水土流失严重，土壤质地太粗，土壤养分的全量与速效含量都很低，全P和速效P的含量尤为明显，要使植被得以恢复，施肥特别是施用磷肥是一个极为重要的环节．各种土壤养分含量均随土壤侵蚀程度的增强而呈递减之势．裸露坡地土壤养分各指标均明显低于研究区的平均水平，不同的水土流失治理措施均促进了土壤肥力的提高，以园地对坡地土壤肥力的提高作用尤为明显．种植草被对磷素含量的提高起到积极的作用．随着植被覆盖度的增加，土壤养分各指标含量都随之呈现增大之势，水土流失区种植草被是生态恢复与重建的关键环节．     

抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态研究

通过气相色谱法测定抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态,结果表明:抗蚜威在灰钙土、灌漠土和黑垆土中施药6～7 d后的消失率达到90%以上,其消解方程分别为Ct=5.2575e-0.3905t、Ct=6.9821e-0.3289t、Ct=4.5910e-0.3919t.半衰期为T1.7～2.1 d,在土壤中的残留量随着时间延长而递减,符合一级反应动力学方程.抗蚜威属于易降解氨基甲酸酯类农药,施用后不会对土壤和环境造成污染.     

催化极谱法测定土壤中的痕量镉

采用单扫描极谱法测定土壤中镉含量,确立了1%碘化钾-1.5%酒石酸钾钠-2%三乙醇胺-0.6%盐酸-9%磷酸测定体系.在此测定体系中,镉在滴汞电极上于-0.71V(相对饱和甘汞电极)处产生一灵敏催化极谱波,镉浓度在0.2ng/ml～1μg/ml范围内与极谱峰电流有良好线性关系,检出限为0.1ng/ml.该方法用于土壤样品测定的RSD为0.6%～9.5%,加标回收率为90%～110%.该方法操作简便,用于土壤样品测定的结果满意.     

The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

Rapid dendrite growth in quaternary Ni-based alloys

Dendritic growth is one of the most common micro-structural formation mechanisms during crystal growth. Its morphology provides the kinetics information of crystal growth. Therefore, it is valuable to perform the research on rapid dendrite growth in order…     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

非生长季节保水措施对生长季节土壤水分的影响

研究了农田非生长季节施用保水剂、秸秆覆盖和施用有机肥等不同保水措施对生长季节土壤水分的影响.结果表明:对于不同深度的土层,各种保水措施都是行之有效的,其中采用保水剂的三个处理都有较好的效果,落叶和秸秆覆盖在保持土壤水分方面的作用弱于其他处理.