抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态研究

通过气相色谱法测定抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态,结果表明:抗蚜威在灰钙土、灌漠土和黑垆土中施药6～7 d后的消失率达到90%以上,其消解方程分别为Ct=5.2575e-0.3905t、Ct=6.9821e-0.3289t、Ct=4.5910e-0.3919t.半衰期为T1.7～2.1 d,在土壤中的残留量随着时间延长而递减,符合一级反应动力学方程.抗蚜威属于易降解氨基甲酸酯类农药,施用后不会对土壤和环境造成污染.     

催化极谱法测定土壤中的痕量镉

采用单扫描极谱法测定土壤中镉含量,确立了1%碘化钾-1.5%酒石酸钾钠-2%三乙醇胺-0.6%盐酸-9%磷酸测定体系.在此测定体系中,镉在滴汞电极上于-0.71V(相对饱和甘汞电极)处产生一灵敏催化极谱波,镉浓度在0.2ng/ml～1μg/ml范围内与极谱峰电流有良好线性关系,检出限为0.1ng/ml.该方法用于土壤样品测定的RSD为0.6%～9.5%,加标回收率为90%～110%.该方法操作简便,用于土壤样品测定的结果满意.     

The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

低温锻炼对野生型colombia拟南芥在渗透胁迫下的适应性初探

本文探讨了低温锻炼后野生型colombia拟南芥在渗透胁迫下的适应性，结果表明：低温处理的材料POD酶活性和游离脯氨酸含量明显高于未低温处理材料，并且SOD酶活性维持相对的稳定性，具有相对较强的适应性。     

非生长季节保水措施对生长季节土壤水分的影响

研究了农田非生长季节施用保水剂、秸秆覆盖和施用有机肥等不同保水措施对生长季节土壤水分的影响.结果表明:对于不同深度的土层,各种保水措施都是行之有效的,其中采用保水剂的三个处理都有较好的效果,落叶和秸秆覆盖在保持土壤水分方面的作用弱于其他处理.     

太湖地区稻田氮素平衡及其环境效应的研究

应用15N微区试验对氮肥在水稻不同生长期的去向进行研究,结果表明,水稻对氮肥的吸收利用随着作物生长的进行而逐渐提高,氮肥的损失和土壤的残留则逐渐下降。土壤残留的肥料氮主要集中在0～20cm的耕层土壤中,占全部土壤残留肥料氮的85%以上。氮肥的总损失在30.4%～54.4%之间,其中氨挥发损失为25.4%～33.3%,为稻田氮素的最主要损失途径。     

结构性扰动土一维固结行为的定量分析

基于软土结构性分析,提出一个扰动度的概念,建立扰动度与再压缩指数、压缩指数、次固结系数和表观前期固结压力等土工参数之间的定量关系,并将此关系用于结构性软土一维弹粘塑性固结分析中,说明压缩曲线各段对固结过程不同阶段的影响,以及在沉降预测中,室内试验的土工参数校正和考虑粘滞性效应的重要性.     

木材陶瓷制备多孔SiC的研究

椴木木粉／酚醛树脂复合材料经高温碳化制成木材陶瓷，然后经熔融Si反应性渗入制成了多孔的SiC陶瓷．借助X射线衍射、傅里叶红外吸收光谱和扫描电子显微镜等方法对木材陶瓷和多孔SiC的物相组成、微观结构和基本性质进行了研究，利用阿基米德法和三点弯曲法测定了木材陶瓷和多孔SiC的显气孔率和弯曲强度．结果表明，木材陶瓷是非晶碳材料，含有C—O—C醚键、C—C双键及C—H结构等，多孔SiC是由主晶相β-SiC和少量第二相Si组成的复合材料；多孔SiC遗传了木材陶瓷的多孔结构；木材陶瓷向SiC陶瓷的转变使弯曲强度从12．6MPa提高到73．8MPa，显气孔率从64．1％降至53．2％。     

黄土高原城市化过程对水土保持的影响

应用系统分析的方法研究了黄土高原城市化的发展趋势和由此带来的城市水土流失的新形式和其危害．提出在黄土高原城市规划和建设中，要积极应对城市化过程造成城市规模的扩大，在城市建设中要建成新的城市功能和体系，要将生活污水、工业污水和排沙分为3大系统，设立环城防护林带，兴建城市不同的功能区，并要完善城市水土保持执法体系，以法规制度来监管防治城市的水土流失．