Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

复合材料设计的原理与实践

对复合材料设计的原理与实践进行简要介绍,对其研究现状与发展趋势进行评述．重点在于工程结构复合材料,特别是航空航天领域应用的先进复合材料,重点是仿生与机敏材料设计,材料设计的目的是实现材料性能优化．     

用于智能材料与结构的NiTi丝的电阻特性研究

研究了拉伸过程中,ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金丝的应变与电阻的关系．结果表明,对于初始组织为马氏体的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻与应变之间成线性关系．对于初始组织为奥氏体或奥氏马氏体两者混合的ＮｉＴｉ丝,当发生应力诱发马氏体相变后,曲线的斜率降低,相变前后电阻－应变保持线性关系．对于初始组织含有Ｒ相组织的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻的变化规律较为复杂,取决于初始组织中各相的比例和温度．在卸载阶段,当没有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变之间呈线性关系;当有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变曲线的斜率会发生改变．     

Weibull分布和极值分布场合下简单步进应力加速寿命试验的最优设计

产品的加速寿命试验被用来较快地获得关于产品寿命分布的信息.本文研究了Weibull分布和极小值分布下简单步加试验的最优设计问题.为解决Nelson折算法对极小值分布的数据处理产生特殊情况的问题,作者应用近年来一些新的研究成果,将位置-尺度分布中的尺度参数设为随应力变化的量进行最优设计.给出一实例,并将其推广到更一般的形式.     

Lewis酸的F_A标度及其应用

Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸的电负性（ｘＬ）和原子势（Ｚ／ｒｃ）是影响Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸硬软度（ＦＡ）的主要因素,本文给出了它们之间的数学关系式．根据ＦＡ值大小,把Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸分成三类,这与Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ分类基本一致．用最小二乘法成功地建立ＦＡ与配合物的ｌｇＫｆ的线性回归方程,均通过Ｆ检验．     

纳米级二氧化硅玻璃粉的制备及其特性

采用正硅酸乙脂为前驱物,用溶胶－凝胶法制备纳米级二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）粉,分别用Ｘ射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、差热扫描量热分析仪和白度测试仪对凝胶粉随温度变化的特征进行了分析测试．结果表明干凝胶在１２００℃热处理１ｈ仍是无定型的ＳｉＯ２粉,其粒度大小为４０ｎｍ左右,白度为９２．１％．     

软磁Fe基纳米微晶的穆斯堡尔谱研究

对纳米软磁合金Ｆｅ７３Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ１．５Ｍｏ２ｓＩ１２．５Ｂ１０的制备态和各退火态的室温Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱研究,发现非晶相的超精细内场存在高场和低场两部分,     

用铁砂研制铁氧体电波吸收材料

以铁砂为原料制备一种尖晶石型铁氧体电波吸收材料,在７－１２ＧＨｚ范围,发现有两个吸收峰,吸收量在９－１３ｄｂ;将铁氧体吸收体和铁砂吸收体组成复合电波吸收材料,亦有两个吸收峰,一峰向低频区偏移,吸收量增至１４．５ｄｂ;以复合吸收体为基础材料,在其中添加六角铁氧体和稀土元素,可改变吸收峰位置,提高吸收量,最大可达２７ｄｂ。     

一种压电超声马达的工作原理

定性介绍了压电陶瓷技术研究所研制的一种压电超声马达的工作原理。通过定量建立和解压电定子的振动方程,得出定子驱动端轨迹为椭圆这一推动转子转动的关键,并对转子材料提出一些要求。