水溶性聚合物的研究——马来酸·烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物的合成与性能

在水溶液中,pH=4.3,以过硫酸钾引发马来酸(MA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)聚合反应.产物经用红外光谱表征,确认为共聚物P(MA-Co-SAS);氧瓶燃烧法作硫含量的定量分析,并求算共聚物组分比,计算共聚单体的竞聚率.热重分析表明,共聚物有良好的热稳定性,热解反应级数为1级;热解活化能76.5kJ·mol~(-1).共聚物用作水处理剂有优异的防垢效果.     

盐酸二甲双胍pH敏感性水凝胶微球的制备

为减轻盐酸二甲双胍对胃的刺激,实现其在肠道内的释放,以盐酸二甲双胍为主药,壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为复合载体,筛选盐酸二甲双胍pH敏感性水凝胶微球的最佳处方及制备工艺,并对其pH敏感性及体外释药特性进行了考察。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化处方工艺,利用扫描电镜进行结构表征,紫外分光光度法测定载药量及包封率,转篮法研究释放度。结果表明,盐酸二甲双胍pH敏感性水凝胶微球的优选处方如下:壳聚糖与海藻酸钠的总浓度为2%(质量体积比),海藻酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比为1∶1,药物与海藻酸钠的质量比为2∶5,氯化钙的交联浓度为3.5%(质量体积比);盐酸二甲双胍pH敏感性水凝胶微球在人工胃液中6 h累积释放度小于4%,在人工肠液中6 h累积释放度最大可达96.4%。所制备的盐酸二甲双胍pH敏感性水凝胶微球处方工艺稳定可靠,水凝胶微球机械强度高,生物降解性和稳定性好,是一种新型结构的盐酸二甲双胍给药系统。     

过硫酸钠协同锰酸钇催化超声波降解日落黄

采用共溶胶凝胶法制备锰酸钇(YMnO3)催化剂,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)对催化剂进行表征.研究Na2S2O8协同锰酸钇催化超声波降解日落黄,探究了pH、初始浓度、催化剂用量、Na2S2O8浓度、超声功率对降解的影响.结果 表明,在超声波条件下pH为3,日落黄初始浓度为50 mg/...     

氯化钠盐渍砂土电化学特性的试验研究

为分析盐含量对氯化钠盐渍砂土电化学特性的影响,通过配置4组不同浓度的氯化钠溶液与标准砂混合形成氯化钠盐渍砂土。采用CS350电化学工作站获取氯化钠盐渍砂土的电化学阻抗谱图,运用Zview、ZsimDemo进行拟合其等效电路,研究各个参数的变化规律及探讨其机理分析。结果表明:不同盐含量对氯化钠盐渍砂土的Nyquist图均影响较小,均表现为高频区的平扁容抗弧半圆和低频区的近45°斜线的图谱特征;且随着盐渍砂土中氯化钠含量的增加,容抗弧和扩散半径都呈减小的趋势。Bode图中阻抗模值随着盐渍砂土中氯化钠含量的增加和频率的增大都表现为减小的趋势。通过计算、分析和模拟其等效电路,得到盐渍砂土的等效电路元件主要包括:溶液电阻、砂土多孔层电容和电阻、固液界面形成的双电层电容和法拉第阻抗。由于氯化钠含量增大,盐渍砂土的孔隙溶液离子浓度上升,可自由移动的正负离子增多,致使体系中的电荷分离以及电荷转移等过程更加容易,促使体系反应速度加快,表现出溶液电阻、多孔层电阻和电荷转移电阻均呈减小趋势,导电能力增强,多孔层电容和双电层电容均呈增加趋势,储存电荷能力增强。     

过硫酸钠氧化硫酸亚铁去除水中磷的研究

利用过硫酸钠氧化硫酸亚铁,对水中磷的去除进行了研究。结果表明,磷的去除效率随Fe~(2+)、P物质的量之比增大而增大,随Na_2S_2O_8、Fe~(2+)物质的量之比增大而先增大后减小;磷在不同pH条件下去除效率大小顺序为碱性中性酸性;SO_4~(2-)对磷去除有促进作用;Cl~-和NO_3~-对磷去除有抑制作用;CO_3~(2-)在低浓度时促进磷的去除,在高浓度时则抑制磷的去除。     

High-efficiency trace Na extraction from crystal quartz ore used for fused silica-A pretreatment technology

Trace Na sources, extraction dynamics of trace Na, and influences of calcination temperature on quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite were studied in detail herein for trace Na extraction from the quartz ore with water leaching at 90℃. Experimental results suggested that the trace Na sources included quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite. The extraction rate of the trace Na in quartz ores can reach 31.0wt% after calcination at 900℃ for 5 h and water leaching at 90℃ for 24 h. The extraction process consisting of the dissolution of unfree Na and diffusion of free Na was dominated by calcination temperature. Calcination at 900℃ for 5 h was effective for extraction of the trace Na in fluid inclusions and muscovite. The extraction of the trace Na was mainly affected by the decrepitation of fluid inclusions when the calcination temperature ranged from 400 to 600℃ and by the damage of muscovite when the calcination temperature ranged from 600 to 900℃. Based on the extraction rates at different calcination temperatures, approximately 20.1wt% of the trace Na occurred in fluid inclusions, approximately 10.9wt% existed in muscovite, and 69.0wt% mainly occurred in quartz lattice.     

Preparation and properties of thermal insulation coatings with a sodium stearate-modified shell powder as a filler

Waste shell stacking with odor and toxicity is a serious hazard to our living environment. To make effective use of the natural resources, the shell powder was applied as a filler of outdoor thermal insulation coatings. Sodium stearate (SS) was used to modify the properties of shell powder to reduce its agglomeration and to increase its compatibility with the emulsion. The oil absorption rate and the spectrum reflectance of the shell powder show that the optimized content of SS as a modifier is 1.5wt%. The total spectrum reflectance of the coating made with the shell powder that is modified at this optimum SS content is 9.33% higher than that without any modification. At the optimum SS content of 1.5wt%, the thermal insulation of the coatings is improved by 1.0℃ for the cement mortar board and 1.6℃ for the steel plate, respectively. The scouring resistance of the coating with the 1.5wt% SS-modified shell powder is three times that of the coating without modification.     

生物活性抑制剂对光照自然水体生物膜体系产生H_2O_2及SDBS降解的影响

采用光照生物膜体系的方法,考察3种不同抑制作用的生物活性抑制剂对自然水体生物膜/水模拟体系中生物膜产生过氧化氢(H_2O_2)以及典型有机污染物十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)降解的影响.结果表明:光合作用抑制剂和呼吸作用抑制剂对H_2O_2生成和SDBS降解有显著的抑制作用,二者的抑制效果几乎相同;光呼吸作用抑制剂对H2O2生成和SDBS降解影响较小.即生物的光合作用是H_2O_2等活性氧成分产生和有机污染物降解的主要原因,其他生理作用的贡献相对较小.     

油酸钠直接浮选孔雀石的机理研究

研究了油酸钠直接浮选孔雀石的浮选行为及作用机理.采用浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、傅里叶红外光谱测试、溶液化学计算及热力学计算进行吸附机理分析.浮选试验表明:当捕收剂油酸钠用量为160 mg/L、pH值范围7~10时,孔雀石浮选回收率可以达到70%以上;当pH=9.5时,回收率为88.67%,达到最高;动电位及溶液化学表明:油酸钠在矿浆中的组分为C_(17)H_(33)COOH·C_(17)H_(33)COO~-,C_(17)H_(33)COO~-和(C_(17)H_(33)COO)_2~(2-),油酸钠在孔雀石表面主要发生了化学吸附;根据吉布斯自由能的计算和红外光谱测试分析表明:在合适的p H值范围,油酸钠与孔雀石表面的铜离子作用生成油酸铜盐沉淀,改变了孔雀石的表面性质使它表面疏水从而容易浮选回收.     

头孢唑啉钠对HeLa细胞内Ca2＋浓度的影响

钙离子作为生物体内重要的信使,参与、调节生命体内的各种生理活动．通过抗生素头孢唑啉钠对HeLa细胞的刺激作用,揭示出抗生素类药物能够作为刺激物刺激细胞,而细胞则通过细胞内钙库钙的释放,使胞内Ca2＋浓度升高作为应答．