烯烃捕获不饱和卡宾及其反应机理的研究

介绍了一种制备不饱和卡宾的新的方法，即用1，1-二氯代烯烃与金属钠反应，产生的不饱和中间体用烯烃进行捕获．对捕获的产物经IR，GC—MS及^1HNMR等分析鉴定后证实，各产物主要是通过卡宾中间体或类卡宾中间体与烯烃加成反应或重排反应而得到．     

Effect of New O-Superfamily Conotoxin on Voltage-Activated Currents of Hippocampal Neurons

The effects of a new O-superfamily conotoxin, SO3, on sodium current (INa), transient A-type potassium currents (IA), and delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), were examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Addition of SO3 caused a concentration-dependent, rapidly developing, and reversible inhibition of voltage-activated currents. The IC50 values for the blockage of INa, IA, and IK were calculated as 0.49, 33.9, and 7.6 μmol/L, respectively. The determined Hill coefficients were 1.7, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively. These results indicate that SO3 can selectively inhibit neuronal sodium and potassium currents.     

新型氯离子活化过氧单硫酸盐的非自由基系统去除水中扑热息痛的研究

提出了基于过氧单硫酸盐(PMS)的非自由基氧化法降解水中典型药物污染:利用常见的氯离子(Cl-)活化PMS降解水中典型药物扑热息痛,并同传统次氯酸钠氧化降解扑热息痛系统进行比对.对比研究了两系统中氧化剂投量、底物浓度和pH值对扑热息痛去除的影响.实验结果表明PMS/Cl-系统对扑热息痛的去除符合典型零级反应动力学模型,而NaClO系统对扑热息痛的去除符合拟一级动力学模型.当扑热息痛初始浓度为10mg/L时,0.4mM PMS和50mM Cl-在120min内对其去除率最大可达76.7%.结果表明在PMS/Cl-和NaClO系统中,提高氧化剂浓度、降低底物浓度、降低系统pH值均利于目标物的去除.PMS/Cl-和NaClO系统均以HClO为主要活性因子降解污染物,但是PMS/Cl-系统中活性因子的产生更为缓慢,今后可考虑在基于PMS的高级氧化系统中投加氯离子以实现消除残余氧化剂并保证系统的持续消毒能力.     

铜钼浮选分离中硫化钠的消耗机理

针对铜钼浮选分离生产过程中,往往存在着硫化钠抑制剂消耗量过大、生产成本过高的现象,使用硫离子选择电极动态监测不同条件下硫化钠溶液中硫离子电位,来初步研究硫化钠大量消耗的机理.结果表明:铜钼浮选分离过程中,空气的鼓入和矿浆的未加温处理会增加硫化钠的氧化消耗,是硫化钠消耗量大的原因之一.浮选矿浆中的矿物(如辉钼矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿)有着催化硫化钠氧化分解的作用,加上矿物本身对硫化钠的吸附作用,是造成铜钼浮选分离过程中硫化钠大量消耗的又一原因.此外,矿浆中溶出的少量金属阳离子(如Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺)对硫化钠的氧化分解也有一定作用,进一步加剧了硫化钠的消耗.     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对氧化石墨烯和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

为了探索碳纳米材料氧化石墨烯(GO)和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)在淡水底栖贝类体内的联合毒性效应, 以河蚬为研究对象, 考察 1 mg/L GO和500 ng/L PFOS单独及联合暴露28天后对河蚬体长、体重、滤食率、活性氧水平、抗氧化系统酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响, 并采用优化的综合生物标志物响应指数(EIBR)进行整体评估。结果表明, 暴露结束后, 河蚬的体长和体重没有明显的变化。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比, GO和PFOS的单独暴露组及联合暴露组的滤食率均显著下降。在河蚬的鳃和内脏团中, GO和PFOS的胁迫都会引起抗氧化系统酶活性响应的显著变化, 且两器官中变化趋势一致。EIBR结果表明, 鳃和内脏团中联合暴露组的毒性比 PFOS或GO单独暴露组的毒性更强。     

邻二氮菲分光光度法测定头孢曲松钠粉针剂含量

在一定温度下,头孢曲松钠能将Fe(Ⅲ)还原成Fe(Ⅱ),还原生成的Fe(Ⅱ)在pH为5.0的CH3COOH-CH3COONa缓冲介质中,与邻二氮菲发生配位反应形成稳定的橘红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为510nm.建立了Fe(Ⅲ)-头孢曲松钠-邻二氮菲体系分光光度法间接测定头孢曲松钠的新方法.实验表明,在最佳的实验条件下,头孢曲松钠浓度在0.26~8.8μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系.线性回归方程为A=0.224 3C+0.058 5,线性相关系数R=0.998 4,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.48×105 L/(mol·cm),检出限为0.011μg/mL.该法用于分析注射用头孢曲松钠粉针剂的含量,回收率在97.5%~102.5%.     

三种麻醉剂对动物组织器官生理特性影响的探讨

主要探讨了氨基甲酸乙酯、水合氯醛、戊巴比妥钠等3种麻醉剂对动物组织器官生理特性的影响,以寻找动物生理实验过程中更适合某种组织器官的麻醉剂。提出:水合氯醛更适合于对动物心肌收缩力、胃运动等实验的研究;戊巴比妥钠更适合于对动物心率、骨骼肌、坐骨神经、十二指肠、子宫等实验的研究,可供研究动物生理的科研工作者参考。     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

特布他林催化1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠与氢氧根离子的反应及特布他林的测定

建立了用1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠分光光度法测定特布他林的新方法.研究表明,在0.20 mol/L NaOH(pH=13.3)溶液中,特布他林电离生成的阴离子能够催化氧氧根离子(OH-)与1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠(NQS)反应形成2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,其最大吸收波长为452 nm.特布他林浓度在0.12～8.0 mg/...     

重铬酸钠电催化合成中阳极液在电极上的电化学研究

报道了一种电催化合成重铬酸纳的绿色新技术.用循环伏安法研究了电催化合成过程阳极液铬酸钠溶液在电极上的电化学性能.确定了不同温度下电荷传递系数、扩散系数、电极反应速率常数,初步讨论了温度的影响.求得了电极反应活化能.表明了该电极具有很稳定的电化学性能,电极反应是主要受扩散控制的不可逆反应.