提高催化裂化装置能量回收机组运行水平的研究

针对中国石油哈尔滨石化公司0．8Mt／a催化裂化装置烟机组发生的一些典型事故分类进行分析,并从操作、设计、维修、监测等方面提出了相应的解决措施,实践证明烟机组长周期安全运行的可靠性有所提高．     

分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理研究方面的应用

探讨了柴油机排气微粒(PM)的生成机理及结构特征;从柴油机排气微粒的生成过程、结构特征以及分形的内涵出发,用分形理论研究柴油机排气微粒的生成机理是可行的。经过分析,提出了分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理方面的具体研究内容及方向。     

基于人工神经网络烟度计有效光路的算法

为准确计算烟度计的有效光路,基于人工神经网络提出了对QN-1型全流消光式烟度计有效光路的计算方法．该方法利用烟度计有效光路的关键影响因素即空气扫气压力和发动机的转速为输入,构造了一种反向传播神经网络,并利用试验数据进行训练,然后仿真烟度计的有效光路．试验表明,仿真数据与试验数据偏差在-0．0399～0．0486之间．由此可见,利用人工神经网络计算烟度计的有效光路准确实用．     

前瞻性定制化学品

定制化学品的市场需求要求定制化学品制造商不断进行调整,新颖的精细化学品以及新工艺、创新技术也不断涌现。本文介绍了近两年新研究开发的富有魅力的精细化学品和关键技术。     

Role of peripheral chemoreceptors in response to smoke-induced apnea vs tracheal occlusion

Summary Reflex autonomic changes which occur after cigarette smoke enters the upper airways are partially due to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. Chemoreceptor denervation attenuates but does not abolish smoke induced bradycardia. Denervation nearly abolishes bradycardia induced by tracheal occlusion. Hypertension accompanies smoke induced apnea but does not occur during tracheal occlusion.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by Oral Roberts University research funds.     

Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

Finding a mate is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The mutualism between figs and their pollinators is exploited by many figwasps that develop within their galls and attain sexual maturity simultaneously. Male pollinators carry the specific burden of detecting and opening mating holes in galls containing conspecific females before mating with them. The mating behaviourand antennal sensilla of male pollinators associated with Ficus semicordata was investigated to understand mate recognition. Male Ceratosolen gravelyi located female-containing galls from a distance, but only attempted to chew a mating hole after antennal contact with the gall surface was made. They showed similar responses to females and body extracts but failed to respond to washed female bodies. This behaviour indicates that unidentified chemicals present on the body surfaces of females are sufficient to elicit olfactory attraction and tactile confirmation. Multiporous plate sensilla are candidates for olfactory reception from a distance while basiconic sensilla may be involved in contact chemoreceptor. All of the sensilla are highly localised, on the distal part of the terminal flagellomere, suggesting a response to selection for strong directionality in the complex odour environment of the fig in which messages produced by hundreds of females may confuse precise mate localisation.     

TiCl2-NH3·H2O液体发烟剂红外衰减性能实验

烟幕技术是现代战场效费比最高的光电对抗手段，其干扰效果依赖于烟幕的组成成分。对基于四氯化钛-氨水体系液体发烟剂布设的烟幕的红外衰减性能进行了研究，发现在适宜条件下，烟雾呈中性，同时对3～5μm和8～12μm红外辐射的衰减率可分别达到65％和90％。当靶温在34℃～73℃之间变化时，烟幕对8～12μm红外辐射的衰减率均高于90％，对3～5μm红外辐射的衰减率随靶温升高而降低。     

建筑火灾温度的场网复合模拟

针对多功能建筑模型,构建了场模拟和网络模拟之间的联接平台,对特殊受限空间(着火室和大空间房间)采用场模拟,对体积均匀受限空间采用网络模拟.将场、网单独模拟的结果相互作为彼此交界面的边界条件,实现了模型建筑在特定火灾场景下的场一网复合模拟.复合模拟可以清晰地提供特定火灾场景下特殊受限空间内烟气各物理量分布的详细信息,还可以足够准确地预测建筑内各受限空间的烟气运动特征,满足了求解精度和求解速度的要求.     

受限空间内小尺度油池火行为实验

为分析受限空间内燃油火灾特性,通过设计并搭建受限空间小尺度油池火行为实验平台,选择三种典型液体燃料(正庚烷、环己烷、航空煤油)开展燃烧试验,测量并分析火焰温度、烟气温度及燃料燃烧生成的烟气成分浓度等变化规律.结果 表明:油池火最高温度超过700℃,烟气温度变化曲线满足高斯分布;由温度变化曲线将燃烧分为发展—稳定—熄灭3个阶段,发展期占比均接近9.8％,且温度变化率最高达到22.0℃/s;在253 s左右,三种燃料燃烧过程中O2、CO2与CO浓度变化曲线到达最高点;在熄灭期,三种燃料火焰温度变化曲线满足反比例函数分布.可见,结合火羽流温度以及烟气成分浓度变化可判断火灾处于何种阶段以及燃烧物种类,从而为提高火灾预警准确率提供数据支撑.     

卷烟烟气中多环芳烃的分析方法

通过二次柱层析纯化和富集卷烟烟气中多环芳烃,用气相色谱／质谱法进行多环芳烃的定性和定量分析。在卷烟烟气中检测了蒽、菲、荧蒽,芘,苯并[a]蒽、屈,苯并荧蒽,苯并[e]芘,苯并[a]芘等多环芳烃,其深浓度在8－319nm／支之间,多环芳烃咽收率在80％以上。在此基础上测定了3种不同焦油含量的卷烟 气中的多环芳径,发现卷烟烟气中多环芳烃含量与焦油含量有良好的相关性。