Moisture effect on the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle in a flash smelting furnace

A mathematical model has been presented to study the combustion of a single copper concentrate particle with high moisture content. By using the presented model, the effect of particle moisture content on particle temperature, sulfur oxidation, and combustion heat generation has been evaluated. The mineralogical composition of the commonly used concentrate at Khatoonabad flash smelting furnace has been used in this study. It was found that the particle moisture content is removed in the sub-second time range and thus the moisture has marginal impact on the variation of particle temperature and on the reaction rate when the gas temperature is assumed to be constant in the reaction shaft. When a concentrate with high moisture content is charged, the particle size enlargement due to the agglomeration of concentrate particles causes an abrupt fall in the particle reaction rate.     

商用快速定氧探头在铅锌冶炼生产中的应用

 为探索铅锌冶炼炉渣氧势快速测量的方法,以某铅冶炼炉为对象,应用商用定氧探头对炉渣氧势进行测量。测量过程中,电势与温度信号的响应时间为10~15 s,测量时间控制在20 s之内;且其氧势范围lg P_O2为-11.37~-10.32,即P_O2为10^-6.37~10^-5.32 Pa。对空冷和水淬两种取样方式下的炉渣中主要元素进行分析,同时基于铅冶炼炉内主要反应的标准吉布斯自由能变与温度T的关系,以及吉布斯自由能变与氧势的关系,制作氧势图,分析铅、铜、锌以及铁等金属元素分离所需的氧势条件,结果表明商用定氧探头所测得的氧势条件与氧势图中的理论分析结果吻合。     

闪速炉熔炼配风对反应过程的影响

随着铜闪速炉熔炼强度的不断提高,熔炼生产及其反应配风之间的关系发生了明显变化,其相互影响关系需要重新确定,为此,建立闪速熔炼过程的数值模型,并采用CFD软件Fluent6.3就大投料量下闪速炉生产操作的2个主要参数(分散风与工艺风)对熔炼过程中气、粒两相运动与混合反应过程的影响进行仿真研究。研究结果表明:分散风工艺风的动量比对闪速炉内颗粒的分散效果影响显著;在适度分散精矿颗粒并有效控制其对反应塔壁造成冲刷蚀损的前提下,使用大分散风工艺风动量比更有利于炉内气、粒两相混合与反应过程的顺利进行;而在相同分散风工艺风动量比下,采用小工艺风风速的操作条件时炉内整体反应效果较佳。     

镁合金短流程合金化熔炼工艺研究进展

本文综述了镁合金短流程熔炼工艺的特点、关键技术以及该工艺的研究和应用进展。指出提前合金化是该工艺的特点,保护和净化为该工艺的关键技术,该工艺已经产业化,但产业化程度不高,全面产业化需短流程净化技术、熔剂成分与氧化物夹杂反应机制、新型高效环保熔剂的研制、渣液分离技术等相关科学和技术问题的解决。     

沥青烟气抑制剂及沥青混合料性能的试验

通过大量筛选试验,从7种可能对沥青烟气有一定抑制作用的备选沥青烟气抑制剂中选出了既能显著降低沥青烟气,又不影响沥青路面性能的2种沥青烟气抑制剂纳米碳酸钙和SBS。通过对单掺和复配2种抑烟剂对3种沥青的烟气抑制效果对比试验,得出了抑烟效果达30%左右的复配纳米碳酸钙和SBS的最佳配比。研究了抑烟沥青混凝土的性能,探讨了纳米碳酸钙和SBS减少沥青烟气的机理。研究成果对于减小隧道、城市街道等不良通风条件下沥青路面施工产生的沥青烟气有一定应用价值。     

微波辐射制备PMMA-BMA树脂及其吸附油烟性能

本文提出应用微波辐射法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁脂(PMMA-BMA)吸油烟树脂,采用扫描电子显微镜对吸油烟树脂的表面形貌和孔结构进行了表征,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、微波功率对树脂吸附气相油烟性能的影响.结果表明,当MMA/BMA配比为0.8:1,引发剂、分散剂和交联剂的用量分别为0.4％、0.3％和0.35％时,所合成的树脂其吸油烟率达到最大,此时树脂表面形成了较多和较深的孔.与常规条件下的合成方法相比,使用微波辐射合成WRT树脂不仅可缩短一半以上的反应时间,而且其吸附气相油烟率也高于普通合成法得到的NR树脂.此外,微波辐射合成的树脂其吸附气相油烟性能还优于普通活性炭和商品的G-1651型高吸油树脂.     

Y型聚丙烯纤维/硅灰对混凝土强度性能的影响

用Y型聚丙烯纤维和硅灰增强水泥混凝土,研究不同掺量条件下,对混凝土抗压性能的影响,并分析聚丙烯纤维以及硅灰在阻裂增强方面的作用机理.研究表明,加入聚丙烯纤维可使混凝土的抗裂、抗收缩性能提高,但会使混凝土中的孔隙率增大,使抗压强度有一定程度的降低;加入硅灰后,水泥石的密实性提高,抗压强度增大.     

柳杉在硫磺土法冶炼区生态治理中的应用研究

本文选择柳杉在硫磺土法冶炼废弃冶炼场进行人工造林试验,通过对柳杉的生长适应及柳杉造林地生物多样性的分析,探索出柳杉适应在硫磺废弃冶炼场栽培生长,其人工造林对提高硫磺废弃冶炼场生物多样性具有良好的作用.     

Two-stage reduction for the preparation of ferronickel alloy from nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents

The preparation of ferronickel alloy from the nickel laterite ore with low Co and high MgO contents was studied by using a pre-reduction-smelting method. The effects of reduction time, calcination temperature, quantity of reductant and calcium oxide (CaO), and pellet diameter on the reduction ratio of Fe and on the pellet strength were investigated. The results show that, for a roasting temperature >800℃, a roasting time >30 min, 1.5wt% added anthracite coal, 5wt% added CaO, and a pellet size of~10 mm, the reduction ratio of Fe exceeds 70% and the compressive strength of the pellets exceeds 10 kg per pellet. Reduction smelting experiments were performed by varying the smelting time, temperature, quantity of reductant and CaO, and reduction ratio of Fe in the pellets. Optimal conditions for the reduction smelting process are as follows:smelting time, 30-45 min; smelting temperature, 1550℃; quantity of reductant, 4wt%-5wt%; and quantity of CaO, 5wt%; leading to an Fe reduction ratio of 75% in the pellets. In addition, the mineral composition of the raw ore and that during the reduction process were investigated by process mineralogy.     

Effect of diboron trioxide on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets

The effect of diboron trioxide (B₂O₃) on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets was investigated in this work. The main characterization methods were X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, mercury injection porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the crushing strength increased greatly with increasing B₂O₃ content and that the increase in crushing strength was strongly correlated with a decrease in porosity, the formation of liquid phases, and the growth and recrystallization consolidation of hematite crystalline grains. The smelting properties were measured under simulated blast furnace conditions; the results showed that the smelting properties within a certain B₂O₃ content range were improved and optimized except in the softening stage. The valuable element B was easily transformed to the slag, and this phenomenon became increasingly evident with increasing B₂O₃ content. The formation of Ti(C,N) was mostly avoided, and the slag and melted iron were separated well during smelting with the addition of B₂O₃. The size increase of the melted iron was consistent with the gradual optimization of the dripping characteristics with increasing B₂O₃ content.