水溶液中相转化制备六方相三氧化钼及其电化学嵌锂性质

三氧化钼(MoO3)以三种常见的物相存在:正交相、六方相和单斜相,前者为热力学稳定相,后两者为热力学介稳相.相对于稳定的正交相MoO3,介稳的六方相MoO3较难制备.笔者采用对已商品化的正交相MoO3再次结晶的方法制得了纯六方相MoO3.通过透射电镜(TEM)观察可知产物为均匀的纳米棒.实验结果表明合成的六方相MoO3的首次放电容量比商品化的正交相MoO3高.六方相MoO3有望成为理想的锂离子电池阴极材料.     

Nd~(3+)的稳定能与晶场参数及磁交换作用的关系

基于单离子模型,通过对Nd3+磁晶各向异性哈密顿数值的求解,研究了温度趋于0 K时,Nd3+离子稳定能与晶场参数及磁交换作用的关系.结果表明,对于强磁物质(如NdCo5,Nd2Co17,Nd2Fe14B等),Nd3+贡献的稳定能与晶场参数B20近似成正比,而对磁交换作用的变化不敏感.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)内切型纤维素酶组分鉴定及纯化

从赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)匀浆液中提取出粗酶液,利用DNS法分析粗酶液中内切型纤维素酶(也称Cx酶)的活力.用刚果红染色法确定了赤子爱胜蚓含有3种内切型纤维素酶,将其分别称作Cx酶Ⅰ、Cx酶Ⅱ和Cx酶Ⅲ.经DEAE-Cellulose-52离子交换层析分离内切型纤维素酶,得到0.15～0.20 mo...     

电弧离子镀技术中脉冲偏压对TiN薄膜的影响

用正交设计实验研究了电弧离子镀技术中采用脉冲偏压以后各种参数对沉积TiN薄膜性能的影响.研究表明,与直流偏压相比,直流叠加脉冲偏压能更好地细化颗粒,降低薄膜的表面粗糙度,提高沉积速率.对实验结果的方差分析显示:气氛和频率是降低表面粗糙度、提高沉积速率的主要因素.     

血管抑素3A工程蛋白的柱复性与离子交换纯化

由大肠杆菌以包涵体形式表达的一种抗内皮细胞生长工程蛋白(A nti-ang iogen ic agent,简称3A)经变性,Sephacry l S-100 HR柱复性,SP Sepharose FF离子交换吸附纯化,SephadexG-25脱盐,获得复性率为53.47%,HPLC纯度为92.52%的3A活性蛋白。以猪髋动脉内皮细胞为受检细胞,表明纯化蛋白具有抑制内皮细胞生长的特性。     

离子轰击碳膜凸起形成碳纳米尖端的理论分析

用CH4、NH3和H2为反应气体,利用等离子体增强热丝化学气相沉积系统在沉积有碳膜的Si上制备了碳纳米尖端.用原子力显微镜表征了碳膜,结果表明碳膜是凸凹不平的膜,有许多凸起.在生长碳纳米尖端的过程中,由于既有含碳离子在凸起上的沉积,又有氢离子和含氮离子对凸起的刻蚀,根据有关离子沉积和溅射刻蚀的理论,理论分析了离子轰击碳膜凸起碳纳米尖端的形成.     

GC/MS法测定尿中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷

利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)法测定尿中的8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8OHdG)含量.根据MS的定性结果,强峰m/z 383对应的碱基 1(B 1)为8OHdG的特征离子峰.利用选择性离子扫描方式(SIM)进行定量分析,测定结果重复性较好,整个分析流程的系内相对标准偏差为4.23%,系间相对标准偏差为8.25%.该方法的检测限可达0.5 nmol/L,线性范围为5~10 000 nmol/L.分析尿样的相对标准偏差为5.12%,并测定了正常人和癌症病人尿中8OHdG的排放水平,癌症病人尿中8OHdG的排放水平明显高于正常人.     

失匹配因子和调谐因子对强流离子束的影响

运用P IC多粒子模拟程序,采用延迟反馈控制法,对初始分布为K-V分布的强流离子束研究了其在加速器通道中运行时受失匹配因子和调谐衰减因子的影响程度。得到了失匹配因子某些取值范围可导致束晕无法控制,但对于各种取值,对径向密度分布均影响不大,以及调谐衰减因子对径向密度分布曲线的形状有明显的影响等结果。     

量子化学原理在锂离子电池研究中的应用

锂离子电池的发展强烈地依赖于相关材料的性能,因此对材料进行理论设计以寻找具有特定性能的材料以及对电池充放电过程中有关现象的理论解释已经成为材料研究的迫切要求.量子化学和现代计算技术的发展,已基本上能满足这一要求.本文综述了近年来量子化学原理在锂离子电池研究中的应用.重点评述了量子化学原理在锂离子电池电极材料平均插锂电压的预测、锂的嵌入-脱嵌机理研究、锂离子电池正极材料晶格畸变的研究以及其它物理化学性质的理论计算中的应用.