餐饮废油制生物柴油的排放特性

研究利用餐饮业废油脂制造生物柴油的方法.通过对比实验,研究增压柴油机燃烧餐饮废油制生物柴油和普通柴油对发动机动力性、经济性和排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:对于实验发动机,在油泵最大喷油量保持不变时,直接燃烧餐饮废油制生物柴油对柴油机动力性的影响小于2.5%;无论在全负荷还是部分负荷工况下,燃用餐饮废油均能大幅度降低柴油机的排气烟度、PT、CO和HC排放量,但是会引起NOx的排放量上升.     

甘草酸二钾护理液皮肤修复作用的研究

目的研究甘草酸二钾护理液及含甘草酸二钾卫生巾对擦伤皮肤的修复作用。方法用SD大鼠,制造皮肤擦伤模型,将动物随机分为阳性对照组、阴性对照组、甘草酸二钾护理液高、中、低剂量组、甘草酸二钾卫生巾组,一定时间后,检测创面愈合率,通过HE染色观察损伤皮肤组织病理学变化。结果造模后第7 d和第14 d护理液高、中剂量组和卫生巾组大鼠的皮肤愈合率和组织学评分与阴性组比较具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论甘草酸二钾护理液及含甘草酸二钾卫生巾具有促进皮肤修复的作用。     

陶瓷细骨料替代方式对混凝土抗压强度的影响

为了提高废弃陶瓷在混凝土中的利用率，将废弃陶瓷破碎、筛分加工成人工细骨料，按不同比例(10%，20%，30%，40%及50%)，且分别采用“C”替代法(即传统替代方式，要求陶瓷细骨料细度模数与天然河砂细度模数相近即可，等质量取代)、“P”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一平均替代对应的不同粒径的天然河砂)、“D”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一且仅替代粒径为1.18，2.36和4.75mm粒径相对较大的天然河砂)及“X”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一且仅替代粒径为0.15，0.3和0.6mm粒径相对较小的天然河砂)取代天然河砂，制备陶瓷细骨料混凝土.共设计21组混凝土，包括基准混凝土1组，“C”，“P”，“D”及“X”替代法各5组.水胶比均为0.49，进行混凝土28d的抗压强度试验.结果表明:在水胶比为0.49的条件下，陶瓷细骨料掺量不大于50%时，陶瓷细骨料混凝土抗压强度和基准混凝土为同一强度等级，均到达C30强度等级要求；不同的替代方式，对应的陶瓷细骨料最佳掺量不同；不同的陶瓷细骨料掺量，对应的最优替代方式不同.     

Skin collagen fiber-based radar absorbing materials

By using skin collagen fiber (CF) as raw material,Schiff base structure containing CF (Sa-CF) was synthesized through CF-salicylaldehyde reaction.Then a novel radar absorbing material (Fe-Sa-CF) was prepared by chelating reaction between Sa-CF and Fe 3+.The coaxial transmission and reflection method was used to analyze the complex permittivity and complex magnetic permeability of these CF-based materials,and the radar cross section (RCS) method was used to investigate their radar absorbing properties in the frequency range of 1.0-18.0 GHz.Experimental results indicated that the conductivity of CF increased from initial 1.08×10-11 to 2.86×10-6 S/cm after being transferred into Fe-Sa-CF,and its dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) in the frequency range of 1.0-17.0 GHz also increased.These facts suggest that the Fe-Sa-CF is electric-loss type radar absorbing material.In the frequency range of 3.0-18.0 GHz,Sa-CF (1.0 mm in thickness) exhibited somewhat radar absorbing property with maximum radar reflection loss (RL) of-4.73 dB.As for Fe-Sa-CF,the absorbing bandwidth was broadened,and the absorbing intensity significantly increased in the frequency range of 1.0-18.0 GHz where a maximum radar RL of-9.23 dB was observed.In addition,the radar absorbing intensity of Fe-Sa-CF can be further improved by increasing membrane thickness.When the thickness reached to 2.0 mm,the RL values of Fe-Sa-CF were-15.0-18.0 dB in the frequency range of 7.0-18.0 GHz.Consequently,a kind of novel radar absorbing material can be prepared by chemical modification of collagen fiber,which is characterized by thin thickness,low density,broad absorption bandwidth and high absorption intensity.     

功能替代模型的模糊可靠性分析

针对功能替代模型的定义 ,分析了原有的可靠性评估方法存在的不足 .应用模糊数学的原理和方法 ,在模糊可靠性理论的基础上 ,对功能替代模型进行模糊可靠性评估 ,得出了该模型模糊可靠度和模糊平均寿命的计算公式 .最后 ,给出一个示例 .     

中药方剂中乳香类药物不良反应分析及临床对策

乳香可舒筋行气,活血化瘀,是中医治疗痹症、湿阻病等多种疾病的常用药材,但乳香类药物存在诱发不良反应的风险。通过回顾性研究,将2022年1—6月于北京中医药大学附属护国寺中医医院开具含有乳香成分的中药处方作为研究对象,通过统计描述、相关性分析及多因素回归分析,旨在明确影响乳香不良反应的独立性因素。采用的指标包括处方中的乳香剂量、给药方式,患者的年龄、性别、过敏史以及记录不良反应类型等。结果共纳入108例处方,其中7例处方引发了不良反应,包括皮肤过敏6例、腹泻1例,多因素回归分析显示患者既往过敏史是影响乳香不良反应的唯一独立危险因素;说明现阶段中医临床实践使用的含有乳香的中药方剂所致的不良反应仅与既往过敏史有关,患者过敏史是合理用药、控制不良反应中需重点把握的环节。     

基于人眼状态识别的驾驶员疲劳检测方法研究

提出一种基于眼睛状态识别的驾驶员疲劳状态检测的方法。首先通过建立肤色模型分割出人脸区域,再利用搜索连通域的方法实现眼睛区域的定位;然后计算出眼睛区域的垂直积分投影曲线,提取并比较曲线的特征参数,从而识别眼睛的状态;最后以眼睛闭合时间比率为测量标准实现对驾驶员疲劳程度的检测。实验表明,该方法简单、有效、实时性较好,疲劳检测的正确率较高。     

不同方法处理的角膜脱细胞基质组织学生物特性的比较

目的:比较不同的角膜脱细胞基质方法,旨在选择最适合的脱细胞基质方法,制备成为组织工程角膜支架材料和角膜替代物的脱细胞基质.方法:分别用胰酶-曲拉通法、SDS-戊二醛法、胰酶-冷冻法等方法对角膜进行脱细胞处理,并对脱细胞彻底的基质进行力学特性、透光率的分析.结果:用胰酶-冷冻法获得的兔角膜全层和分层基质脱细胞最彻底,基质的结构未见明显破坏,脱细胞基质在生物力学特性上与正常角膜接近,透光率低于新鲜角膜.结论:用胰酶-冷冻法获得的脱细胞基质与自然角膜接近,可作为组织工程角膜支架材料和角膜替代物.     

Antimicrobial skin peptides and proteins

Human skin is permanently exposed to microorganisms, but rarely infected. One reason for this natural resistance might be the existence of a ‘chemical barrier’ consisting in constitutively and inducibly produced antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). Many of these AMPs can be induced in vitro by proinflammatory cytokines or bacteria. Apart from being expressed in vivo in inflammatory lesions, some AMPs are also focally expressed in skin in the absence of inflammation. This suggests that non-inflammatory stimuli of endogenous and/or exogenous origin can also stimulate AMP synthesis without inflammation. Such mediators might be ideal ‘immune stimulants’ to induce only the innate antimicrobial skin effector molecules without causing inflammation. Received 9 August 2005; received after revision 21 October 2005; accepted 16 November 2005