影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

库拉索芦荟大黄素提取分离的研究

比较了GD-3、GD-4和GD-10三种吸附树脂对芦荟提取物的分离效果，确定了以GD-10大孔吸附树脂为固定相，梯度浓度乙醇溶液为流动相的低压柱色谱分离模式．通过实验确定分离条件为上样速度为2．0mL／min，上样浓度为5．0g／L，制备型色谱的洗脱速度为20mL／min，分析型色谱洗脱速度为＜1．OmL／min，优选了以60％乙醇溶液为溶剂超声波多次提取法，利用上述分离条件，将分离出的芦荟大黄素，UV-V、IR、^1HNMR和MS对其进行了表征。     

利用胶束电动色谱技术用于抗生素测定

采用毛细管胶束电动色谱技术对阿莫西林、氯唑两林、头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、头孢唑林5种抗生素进行分离．18kV电压下，在溶有100mmol／LSI）S的硼酸盐缓冲溶液（20mmol／L，pH-8．9）中，采用二极管阵列检测器．在9min内可以完成对此5种抗生素的分离检测．线性范围0．1～250μg／mL．相关系数为0．9976～0．9994，检测限为0．01～0．13μg／mL．运用此方法对3种药物形式的抗生素进行同时检测．日间和日内的RSDs分别为3．95％～8．12％和1．51％～2．86％。迁移时间的日间和日内的RSDs分别为0．47％～1．11％和0.032％～0.295％．在尿样的测定中，日问和日内的RSDs分别为1．31％～6.07％和0.66％～7．65％，回收率为90％～110％．此外．还对分离条件对抗生素的迁移行为的影响做了理论探讨．     

载荷板尺寸效应的试验研究

在试验室模拟路基现场的工况,建立平板载荷试验模型,进行了地基系数与载荷板尺寸的相关性试验,并与理论公式进行了对比。根据试验成果归纳出不同载荷板尺寸的地基系数间的换算公式。     

仙客来(Cyclamen persicum Mill) 液体培养提取物的抑菌活性

对仙客来愈伤组织进行液体培养,分别得到培养液(胞外产物)和愈伤组织(胞内产物).用石油醚、氯仿、无水乙醇对其提取,用硅胶柱层析对提取液进一步分离,利用滤纸片法对分离得到的组分进行抑菌活性研究.结果表明,从愈伤组织(胞内产物)的石油醚提取物中得到的多个组分对供试菌株有较强的抑菌活性,其中有3个组分对5种供试菌株均有较好的抑菌作用;从氯仿提取物中分离得到的组分只对革兰氏阳性菌有抑制作用;从无水乙醇提取物中分离得到的各组分均无抑菌活性.从培养液(胞外产物)的氯仿提取物中分离得到的3个组分对枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显抑制效应,从无水乙醇提取物中分离得到的4个组分对供试菌株有抑菌活性,其中各组分对啤酒酵母表现出相对较弱的抑制作用.通过对比实验发现,仙客来愈伤组织经液体培养后所含活性组分要明显高于栽培植株.     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

糖精钠和山梨酸电极产物的高效液相色谱分析

用电化学和高效液相色谱法对糖精钠和山梨酸在-1．6V处的还原进行分离和表征，为鉴定电极反应，推断电极反应机理，提供了一种新的方法．     

阔草清除草剂在玉米及土壤中残留动态研究

采用zorbaxSIL色谱柱、以二氯甲烷-甲醇为流动相的高效液相色谱法测定了阔草清除草剂在玉米田土壤、玉米籽粒和植株上的残留动态，建立了样品前处理方法和分析方法。阔草清在土壤、玉米籽粒、植株的添加回收率分别为88.00%～96.80%,90.30%～93.50%和84.20%～94.20%,阔草清在土壤中的半衰期（t1/2)吉林为12.1d。山东为20d，山东为20d，降解速度较慢；在植株中半衰期（t1/2)吉林为4.3h,山东为5.5h，降解较快。但在收获的土壤、玉米和植株中均未检出。说明其残留污染性很小，可以在玉米田安全使用。     

平面锥形光波导模斑转换器的研究

基于三维有限差分束传输法（FD－BPM）对平面光波导器件中的关键元件之一－平面锥形模斑转换器作了深入的研究，对线性和数种非线性侧面边界的模斑转换器进行了数值仿真和对比，分析了平面锥形模斑转换器侧面边界函数对耦合损耗的影响，以及模斑转换器中模场分布随传输距离的变化，确定了不同长度的平面锥形模斑转换器的最佳侧面边界，指出长度在200－1000μm范围内具有余弦边界的平面锥形模斑转换器性能最佳，并且发现，光纤中的出射光进入模斑转换器以后，光波模式会逐渐发生变化，并最终转化为单模。     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.