分子印迹壳聚糖/TiO2光助催化剂选择性降解孔雀石绿

以钛酸丁酯、壳聚糖为原料,孔雀石绿为模板分子,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了孔雀石绿分子印迹的壳聚糖/纳米TiO2催化剂( MA-CHS/TiO2),在紫外灯照射下催化降解孔雀石绿等底物,考察了印迹型催化剂对孔雀石绿等底物的光催化降解性能,并与相关非印迹型体系作比较,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,印迹型催化剂具有明显的选择催化效应,在降解目标分子底物时,表现出比非印迹型更高的催化活性,其光催化降解速率常数可比非印迹型增加约69％;而在降解非目标分子底物时,印迹型催化剂不具选择催化效应,其催化活性与非印迹型相似.     

非水相一步合成TiO2纳米晶及其光催化性能

利用正丁醇与TiCl4反应,在非水溶剂和无表面活性剂的条件下,通过改变反应物TiCl4与丁醇的摩尔比制备了纯锐钛矿TiO2纳米粒子和金红石TiO2纳米棒.利用X射线衍射分析、拉曼光谱分析、透射电镜和比表面积测定等测试分析手段对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B的脱色降解为模式反应,考察了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:所制备的纳米级TiO2比表面积大、晶粒尺寸小、结晶性完好,具有比商用P25更好的光催化活性.     

TiO2纳米棒块体的制备及其光催化性能研究

提出了一种新的催化剂制备方法,采用TiO2纳米棒与聚乙二醇通过压片和焙烧的方法制备了多孔TiO2块体．通过条件优化,当纳米棒与聚乙二醇比例为1／3时,成块结构良好,且光催化反应前后保持了完整的块体结构,制备的块体降解甲基橙2h达到74．77％,具有良好的光催化活性,且在非均相光催化应用中催化剂无需分离,从而解决了催化剂的回收问题．     

柴油轿车燃用生物柴油的模态颗粒排放特性

以帕萨特柴油轿车为试验样车,使用排气颗粒数量及粒径分析仪(EEPS),对分别燃用沪Ⅳ柴油、生物柴油混合体积分数分别为5%,10%,20%和50%的沪Ⅳ柴油-生物柴油混合燃料、纯生物柴油的模态颗粒排放特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:GB18352.3—2005Ⅰ型试验循环中,该车燃用生物柴油的聚集态颗粒数量浓度下降,核模态颗粒数量浓度上升,总颗粒数量浓度变化不大;随着生物柴油混合比例的增加,该车燃用沪Ⅳ柴油-生物柴油混合燃料排气颗粒的平均粒径降低,颗粒数量浓度峰值向小粒径方向偏移.     

影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的因素

采用黏度和取代度为指标的测定方法,探讨了影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的因素.研究结果表明:黏度、取代度、乳化液颗粒大小及其分布状态是影响辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果的主要因素;乳化液颗粒越小分布越均匀乳化效果越好,反之则越差.我们发现,要获得辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(纯胶)较好乳化效果的条件的优化组合是:1)乳化液颗粒小而均匀;2)黏度为4～4.5mPa.s;3)取代度在0.02以下.该结果为企业提高辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯乳化效果,实现企业低投入、高产出、高效益的目标提供了科学依据.     

微波干燥对YAG纳米粉体分散性和粒径的影响

采用共沉淀法合成YAG前躯体,利用微波干燥前躯体,然后在不同温度下焙烧,得到YAG纳米粉体.利用XRD、TEM等测试手段对YAG纳米粉体进行了研究.结果表明:微波干燥能抑制晶粒长大,有效地减轻粉体颗粒的团聚,得到分散性好,晶粒细小、分布窄的YAG超细纳米粉体.     

朗德鹅体质量与体尺的相关及回归分析

利用SPSS13.0分析软件对159只8周龄朗德鹅(公鹅78只,母鹅81只)的体尺和体质量进行相关分析、通径分析,并建立最优回归方程,探讨朗德鹅体尺性状与体质量的相互关系.研究结果表明:朗德鹅的颈长(x1)、胸宽(x2)、背宽(x3)、胫长(x4)、胸深(x5)、体长(x6)和龙骨长(x7)等7个性状与体质量(y)性状确实存在不同程度的相关性,而且相关的密切程度有性别差异;龙骨长是影响公鹅体质量的最主要体尺指标,颈长、胸宽是影响母鹅体质量的2个主要体尺指标.公、母鹅体质量与体尺最优回归方程分别为:y=1 235.952+64.342x1+116.103x2-99.995x3+79.856x5和y=1 568.344+108.661x1-131.012x4+122.937x2.     

窄分散共聚倍半硅氧烷微球的制备与形成机理

将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)和苯基三乙氧基硅烷(PTES)在碱催化下水解共缩聚,制备了窄分散的聚氨丙基/苯基倍半硅氧烷(PAPSQ)微球.采用扫描电镜和粒度分析仪研究了APS/PTES摩尔比、水/硅摩尔比、共溶剂、四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)浓度和单体总浓度等反应条件对PAPSQ微球形貌和大小的影响,并对PAPSQ微球在不同反应条件下的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:APS/PTES摩尔比为1/4、水硅摩尔比为50、TMAOH浓度为0.025 mol/L、单体总浓度为0.25 mol/L、以乙醇为共溶剂时,PAPSQ微球粒径在0.7～1.0μm之间,呈窄分散性;以氨水为催化剂、异丙醇为共溶剂时,产物微球粒径较大,粒径分布较宽;较低的水硅摩尔比和TMAOH浓度下,只形成部分球形粒子;两单体总浓度过高时,难以形成微球.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> measurement of PM<Subscript>1</Subscript> organic aerosol in Beijing winter using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Organic aerosol (OA) is a crucial component of atmospheric fine particles. To achieve a better understanding of the chemical characteristics and sources of OA in Beijing, the size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosols were measured in-situ using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer in the winter of 2010, with a high time resolution of 5 min. During this study, the mean OA mass concentration was 20.9±25.3 μg/m3, varying between 1.9 and 284.6 μg/m3. Elemental analysis showed that the average H/C, O/C and N/C (molar ratio) were 1.70, 0.17, and 0.005, respectively, corresponding to an OM/OC ratio (mass ratio of organic matter to organic carbon) of 1.37. The average mass-based size distributions of OA present a promi- nent accumulation mode peaking at approximately 450 nm. The prominent presence of ultrafine particles (Dva < 100 nm) was mainly from the fresh emissions of combustion sources. A Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) analysis of the organic mass spectral dataset differentiated the OA into three components, including hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking-related (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) organic aerosols, which, on average, accounted for 26.9%, 49.7% and 23.4%, respectively, of the total organic mass. The HOA and COA likely corresponded to primary organic aerosol (POA) associated with combustion-related and cooking emissions, respectively, and the OOA components corresponded to aged secondary organic aerosol (SOA).     

The hemocompatibility and the reabsorption function of TiO2 nanotubes biomembranes

A novel high-intensity TiO2 nanotubes array membrane was fabricated via electrochemical anodization of highly pure titanium foil and an open-ended TiO2 nanotubes array membrane was obtained by HF gas etching at the bottom of the nanotubes. Pig tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) and vascular endothelial cells (ECV304) were cultivated on the open-ended TiO2 nanotubes surface through a mixing implantation method and TiO2 nanotubes biomembrane materials with physiological function were successfully produced. Hemocompatibility of glass slides, pure titanium, TiO2 nanotubes without cells and TiO2 nanotubes with culture cells were investigated by the plasma recalcification time method and reabsorption of sodium and potassium were measured by custom-designed devices. The results show that the hemocompatibility of the TiO2 nanotubes array membrane with culture cells was superior to the control group, and the biomembrane has an excellent reabsorption function. This demonstrates that a TiO2 nanotubes array membrane has excellent physiological function and is an ideal candidate material for biological dialysis.