PP/TiO2复合材料的力学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了PP/TiO2复合材料,并研究了TiO2的表面处理、含量及粒径对复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度两大主要力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,钛酸酯类偶联剂能很好地改善TiO2粒子与PP基体的界面相容性,从而使复合材料的力学性能提高;经表面处理后的纳米TiO2所填充复合材料的力学性能明显优于普通TiO2（微米级）;而且处理后的纳米TiO2在填充量为4%时对PP的增强增韧效果最佳.     

化学法制备微米铜粉的研究

在NH3-NH4Cl体系中,以NH3为配合剂,利用铜自身的还原作用,通过岐化反应制备微米级铜粉,其中一定比例的铜粉粒度接近纳米级,在空气中相当稳定.NH3的浓度及pH值的控制对反应有重要影响,最佳反应条件是:反应温度为40℃,pH为11.4,NH 4的浓度为0.1mol·L-1,NH3的浓度为12.5mol·L-1;硫酸的浓度和酸化的时间影响产物的粒度,硫酸的质量分数为20%,加酸流速为4mL/min时,产物粒度最小.     

图的最大亏格与面度

利用图在曲面上的嵌入特征,特别是面的度的大小,研究图的最大亏格的下界.     

影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

载荷板尺寸效应的试验研究

在试验室模拟路基现场的工况,建立平板载荷试验模型,进行了地基系数与载荷板尺寸的相关性试验,并与理论公式进行了对比。根据试验成果归纳出不同载荷板尺寸的地基系数间的换算公式。     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

平面锥形光波导模斑转换器的研究

基于三维有限差分束传输法（FD－BPM）对平面光波导器件中的关键元件之一－平面锥形模斑转换器作了深入的研究，对线性和数种非线性侧面边界的模斑转换器进行了数值仿真和对比，分析了平面锥形模斑转换器侧面边界函数对耦合损耗的影响，以及模斑转换器中模场分布随传输距离的变化，确定了不同长度的平面锥形模斑转换器的最佳侧面边界，指出长度在200－1000μm范围内具有余弦边界的平面锥形模斑转换器性能最佳，并且发现，光纤中的出射光进入模斑转换器以后，光波模式会逐渐发生变化，并最终转化为单模。     

掺杂Fe3+的纳米TiO2光催化降解氮氧化物研究

利用Fe(NO3)3*9H2O,采用浸渍的方法,制备了掺Fe3+的纳米TiO2.讨论了此种纳米TiO2对氮氧化物的光催化效率,并分析了Fe3+在催化过程中的作用.试验结果表明:Fe3+明显提高了纳米TiO2的光催化性能;在室内自然光作用下对较高质量浓度的氮氧化物均具有较高的光催化效率.通过对TEM照片和XRD谱的分析,从能级理论解释了Fe3+提高催化活性的原因.     

硫酸浓度对纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸，分析了硫酸浓度不同时其比表面积、失重率、红外光谱及催化活性的不同。当硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L时，它在450～900℃的失重率为3．3％，比表面积为105．2m^2／g，对乙酸和丁醇酯化反应的酯化率达到98．4％。玻璃球负载纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸的重复使用性能好，在乙酸和丁醇的酯化反应中重复使用9次后的酯化率才由初次的99．3％变为84．9％。     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.