基于MSP430的船舶机舱无线监测系统设计

以机舱设备温度监测为例,采用MSP430F149为主芯片设计一种由多个传感器节点模块、中心节点模块和机舱监测计算机构成的无线监测系统.通过微处理器技术、无线通信技术和传感器技术的融合,自主实现温度数据的采集、融合和传输,节省了布线开支,提高了机舱监测系统的可靠性和灵活性.     

Efficient Algorithm for Prolonging Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the fundamental design challenges in designing a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is to maximize the network lifetime,as each sensor node of the network is equipped with a limited power battery.To overcome this challenge,different methods were developed in the last few years using such techniques as network protocols,data fusion algorithms using low power,energy efficient routing,and locating optimal sink position.This paper focuses on finding the optimal sink position.Relay nodes are introduced in conjunction with the sensor nodes to mitigate network geometric deficiencies since in most other approaches the sensor nodes close to the sink become heavily involved in data forwarding and,thus,their batteries are quickly depleted.A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithm is used to locate the optimal sink position with respect to those relay nodes to make the network more energy efficient.The relay nodes communicate with the sink instead of the sensor nodes.Tests show that this approach can save at least 40% of the energy and prolong the network lifetime.     

介入移动汇聚节点的无线传感器网络高效数据收集方法

引入移动汇聚节点解决无线传感器网络高效数据收集问题.网络中固定汇聚节点与移动汇聚节点共存,全部传感器节点都拥有维护到固定汇聚节点的路由,移动汇聚节点进入网络后定期向其附近小范围内的传感器节点扩散自己的声明信息,传感器节点向距自己跳数最小的汇聚节点发送或转发数据包.移动汇聚节点和距离其一跳的传感器节点之间通过有效的应答机制来保证数据的可靠传输.通过仿真结果显示引入移动汇聚节点的数据收集在节省能耗方面明显优于传统网络.在延长网络生存时间的同时,可以获得较高的数据传输成功率和较短的数据传输延迟.     

提高井壁接茬质量的方法

施工立井井筒时,浇注的混凝土井壁接茬较多.本文从分析接茬质量存在问题入手,对移模、稳模和接茬模板结构型式进行了深入的研究,提出了比较可靠的提高接茬质量的方法.     

微通道热沉内液氮的流动沸腾换热实验

通过实验研究了质量流量在62.6~598.6kg/(m2·s)下不锈钢材质的平行微通道热沉内液氮流动沸腾的传热特性,并将实验所测得局部换热系数与经验关联式计算所得结果进行比较.结果表明:在核态沸腾阶段,随着干度增大,热沉的局部换热系数增加并逐渐达到一个峰值;当干度继续增大时换热系数逐渐减小;热沉的局部换热特性受其流型和低温流体工质特殊性的影响,在干度较低的条件下,其实验结果与模型预测结果的变化趋势一致,但预测值大于实验值.     

China＇s sizeable and uncertain carbon sink： a perspective from GOSAT

Despite the agreement that China’s terrestrial ecosystems can provide a carbon sink and offset carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from fossil fuels,the magnitude and spatial distribution of the sink remain uncertain.Accurate quantification of the carbon sequestration capacity of China’s terrestrial ecosystems has profound scientific and policy implications.Here,we report on the magnitude and patterns of China’s terrestrial carbon sink using the global monthly CO2flux data product from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite(GOSAT),the world’s first satellite dedicated to global greenhouse gas observation.We use the first year’s data from GOSAT(June 2009–May2010)that are currently available to assess China’s biospheric carbon fluxes.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink of-0.21 Pg C a-1.The consumption of fossil fuels in China leads to carbon dioxide emissions of 1.90 Pg C a-1into the atmosphere,approximately 11.1%of which is offset by China’s terrestrial ecosystems.China’s terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in offsetting fossil fuel emissions and slowing down the buildup of CO2in the atmosphere.Our analysis based on GOSAT data offers a new perspective on the magnitude and distribution of China’s carbon sink.Our results show that China’s terrestrial ecosystems provide a sizeable and uncertain carbon sink,and further research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in its magnitude and distribution.     

一种小型漂浮式天线基座静力学特性研究

研究了一种新的小型飘浮式卫星天线基座的静力学特性. 根据几何尺寸和受力情况研究其浮态、状态方程和储备浮力;根据重心移动定理、浮心移动定理和等体积倾斜定理研究其浮心、稳心、稳性半径和初稳性高;根据几何旋转不变性,通过数学推理研究其静稳性;根据动力矩的作用过程分析动复原力臂和静复原力臂间的关系,研究其大倾角稳性;利用储备浮力研究其抗沉性. 研究结果表明该基座具有较好的浮性、稳性和足够的抗沉能力.      

2012年6月中旬河南持续性高温天气成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、高空资料以及NCEP 1°×1°6 h分析资料,对2012年6月中旬河南省持续性高温天气进行分析.结果表明:1这次河南地区持续的高温天气是在稳定的大气层结下,高层受强西北气流控制,中低层层有强而持久的暖中心与之配合产生的;2地面场上河南省处于南高北低的气压场,有利于偏南风向北输送暖空气,促进该地区高温天气的形成;3从物理量上看,中低层暖平流对地面增温、辐散下沉、绝热增温以及干燥的水汽条件都是促进此次高温天气过程的重要因素.     

A possible important CO2 sink by the global water cycle

The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the global CO2 sink are uncertain and under debate. Here, we show, based on theoretical calculations and evidences from field monitoring results, that there is a possible important CO2 sink （as DIC-dissolved inorganic carbon） by the global water cycle. The sink constitutes up to 0.8013 Pg C/a （or 10.1% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission, or 28.6% of the missing CO2 sink）, and is formed by the CO2 absorption of water and subsequent enhanced consumption by carbonate dissolution and aquatic plant photosynthesis. Of the sink, 0.5188 Pg C/a goes to sea via precipitation over sea （0.2748 Pg C/a） and continental rivers （0.244 Pg C/a）, 0.158 Pg C/a is released to the atmosphere again, and 0.1245 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the net sink could be 0.6433 Pg C/a. This sink may increase with the global-warming-intensified global water cycle, the increase in CO2 and carbonate dust in atmosphere, and reforestation/afforestation, the latter increasing soil CO2, and thus the concentration of the DIC in water.