制丝工艺CAD系统软件设计

论述了制丝工艺ＣＡＤ系统的新配置、软件工艺流程及系统文件与数据库结构设计方法．用１８个文件（包括８个数据库文件和１０个程序文件）编译成对应的ｆｏｘ文件．所设计软件可执行茧质调查数据录入、自动缫丝工艺设计及相应的煮茧工艺设计等任务,并给出茧质调查数据分析结果,可生产等级生丝产品的规格及全套煮茧、缫丝工艺单     

Molecular mechanisms of spider silk

Spiders spin high-performance silks through the expression and assembly of tissue-restricted fibroin proteins. Spider silks are composite protein biopolymers that have complex microstructures. Retrieval of cDNAs and genomic DNAs encoding silk fibroins has revealed an association between the protein sequences and structure-property relationships. However, before spider silks can be subject to genetic engineering for commercial applications, the complete protein sequences and their functions, as well as the details of the spinning mechanism, will require additional progress and collaborative efforts in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and material science. Novel approaches to reveal additional molecular constituents embedded in the spider fibers, as well as cloning strategies to manipulate the genes for expression, will continue to be important aspects of spider biology research. Here we summarize the molecular characteristics of the different spider fibroins, the mechanical properties and assembly process of spidroins and the advances in protein expression systems used for recombinant silk production. We also highlight different technical approaches being used to elucidate the molecular constituents of silk fibers. Received 28 February 2006; received after revision 14 April 2006; accepted 22 May 2006 X. Hu and K. Vasanthavada contributed equally to this work.     

Ecology and behaviour of the weaver ant Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) senex

Abstract

Weaver ants use silk produced by their larvae to build their nests. This behaviour is one of the more notable instances of social cooperation in animals; however, there are few studies of Brazilian species. This study investigated the ecology, natural history and behaviour of the weaver ant Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) senex in Brazil and showed that the weaver larvae have a fundamental function in nest building. The nests were always arboreal (one nest/plant), with a round form, beige in colour, and with leaves and shoots adhered to the silk nest. The average size was 34.24 cm and the average weight was 163.87 g; nests contained up to 50,000 individuals and several queens. Fusion and fission of colony parts were observed for C. senex. Worker ants were frequently observed feeding on honeydew, fruits and insects; and defended their territory. We suggest that C. senex larvae could be considered an effective caste, valuable in nest construction.     

简论丝织凤纹与瓷器凤纹

凤是中国古代先民崇拜的对象,也是皇室身份的象征。在丝织品和瓷器上,凤纹更以其独特的风采脱颖而出。简述了不同历史时期丝织品和瓷器的凤纹图案特点,并对丝织凤纹与瓷器凤纹进行了比较,以进一步把握凤纹的特点。     

高比例兔毛混纺高支纱的工艺研究

利用国产毛、棉设备结合，以蚕丝作为混纺原料，采用40／60真丝／兔毛配比，研究高比例兔毛混纺高支纱的混纺工艺．针对兔毛可纺性差，毛脆易断，加工和穿着过程中易掉毛，单强低，静电大，难以开发轻薄性产品等弱点，在设备选型、设备参数及工艺技术上做了研究和改进．按照制定的工艺条件和选择原料配比，纺制出了条干均匀、毛羽较少的高比例精纺型兔毛真丝高支纱，可用于机织和针织．     

关于脆弱生丝织造性能的研究

将正常生丝、脆弱生丝、经柔软剂处理的脆弱生丝一起作为经丝上机织造,比较它们织造过程中断头、张力情况,并对织物的拉伸性能、染色性能作对比分析,结果表明:脆弱生丝经柔软处理后断头次数明显减少,织物强力有所增加,但与正常生丝一起染色存在色差.     

涤纶牵伸复合丝织物染色不匀的原料分析

从POY原丝各细分纤维纤度与孔数的对比选择、牵伸温度和网络压空等方面入手,剖析了涤纶牵伸复合丝织物染色疵点的成因及其布面表现形式。     

二氟一氯嘧啶型染料在蚕丝织物上的应用研究

通过测定在不同的温度、pH值下,二氟一氯嘧啶型染料在蚕丝、羊毛和棉纤维上的上染率、固着率和总固着率,初步探索该染料在蚕丝纤维上的成键性能.研究表明,该染料在温度为70℃、pH值为8.5～9.5时,对蚕丝织物有较佳的染色效果.     

Specialization in the choice and use of spider silk in the nest of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) (Aves,Fringillidae)

The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs, is one of a large number of birds from many families that use silk in the construction of their nests. Thirty-eight chaffinch nests collected from around the UK were examined to determine the nature and role of silk in nest construction. A regular survey of web, retreat and cocoon silk availability was made at a study site close to Glasgow, Scotland, over a 12 month period. The only spider web silk found in the nests was of the type produced by cribellate spiders. The majority of silk in nests, however, was spider cocoons, but there was no correlation between the amount of cocoon and web silk used. Nests with more lichen decoration contained more silk, and cocoon silk was particularly associated with the attachment of lichen. Nest construction at the study site took place from late April to mid-May. When nest building began, the availability of suitable web silk had doubled from its winter (lowest) level; however, its abundance continued to rise sharply until the end of May. The possible influence of silk availability on the timing of chaffinch nesting is discussed.     

明胶/丝素共混多孔膜的制备

采用冷冻干燥法制备明胶与家蚕丝素的共混多孔蛋白膜，探讨了交联剂用量，共混比例及冷冻温度对膜结构和性能的影响，指出戊二醛对共混多膜具有明显的交联作用，膜内丝素与明胶的相容性较好，蛋白质的结构以无定形为主，通过与明胶共混，能够改善多孔丝素膜的拉伸性能。