Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极伏安法检测阿魏酸

通过在水溶液中直接电聚合的方法制备了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极.在pH为4.5,0.1 mol.L-1HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对阿魏酸表现出良好的吸附能力,显著地提高了阿魏酸的电信号强度.探讨了聚天冬氨酸修饰玻碳电极的作用机理,建立了阿魏酸的快速检测方法.在浓度为9.1×10-7～3.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内,阿魏酸的微分脉冲氧化峰电流与其浓度呈线性关系,检出限为3.1×10-7mol.L-1.此方法用于中成药逍遥丸中痕量阿魏酸的检测,回收率为97.9%～102.2%.     

分散液液微萃取在酸性模拟体系中塑料包装材料PAEs的溶出应用

将分散液液微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)技术相结合,建立了一种简单快速测定塑料包装材料在酸性模拟体系(体积分数为3%乙酸水溶液)中6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)溶出量的方法.采用四氯化碳作萃取荆,乙腈为分散剂,在优化条件下,6种PAEs在1.0～100.0μg/L质量浓度内呈良好的线性...     

玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液两种脱毒方法的研究

以玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液为原料,研究了减压蒸发和络合萃取两种脱毒方法对乙酸等抑制物的去除情况。结果表明:玉米秸秆稀酸预水解液减压蒸发脱毒,糠醛完全被去除,而5-羟甲基糠醛则基本不能被去除;当水解液浓缩5.80倍时,其浓缩液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为4.06 g/L和60.45%。络合萃取脱毒的最佳条件:络合萃取剂的组成为30%三烷基胺+50%正辛醇+20%煤油,油水相比2∶1,温度25℃,时间60 min,此时脱毒液中乙酸质量浓度和去除率分别为1.43 g/L和52.33%,糠醛完全被去除,5-羟甲基糠醛的去除率为27.78%。     

特布他林催化1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠与氢氧根离子的反应及特布他林的测定

建立了用1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠分光光度法测定特布他林的新方法.研究表明,在0.20 mol/L NaOH(pH=13.3)溶液中,特布他林电离生成的阴离子能够催化氧氧根离子(OH-)与1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠(NQS)反应形成2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,其最大吸收波长为452 nm.特布他林浓度在0.12～8.0 mg/...     

磷对丙酮酸发酵生产影响作用研究

磷是发酵培养基中经常添加的一种重要的大量元素,在光滑球拟酵母(Torulopsis glabrata)生产丙酮酸的过程中,磷元素对丙酮酸生物合成有着重要的影响.研究了不同初始KH2PO4质量浓度下丙酮酸合成、菌体生长、基质消耗及副产物形成等方面的差异,分析了形成这些差异的原因,以考察磷元素在丙酮酸发酵中的作用.     

使用伪氨基酸组成和BP神经网络预测类弹性蛋白多肽的相变温度

根据获得的16条ELP序列及相变温度的数据,利用伪氨基酸组成方法提取其序列特征值.将伪氨基酸组成中的相关系数部分作为类弹性蛋白的特征向量,从类弹性蛋白序列出发,利用最小中位方差回归,找出与其序列相关系数的最佳阶数.运用均匀设计法,分别对支持向量机与BP神经网络参数进行优化.结果表明:BP神经网络获得的预测模型最佳,相变...     

水溶性SalenMn(Ⅱ)的合成及其对氨基酸的分子识别研究

本文合成并表征了手性席夫碱配体(Salen H2)及其水溶性的锰配合物[Salen Mn(Ⅱ)].用紫外-可见光谱滴定技术测定了主体Salen Mn(Ⅱ)与客体氨基酸(苯丙氨酸和苏氨酸)对映异构体分子间进行识别作用的缔合常数.结果表明:SalenMn(Ⅱ)与系列客体氨基酸作用的配位比均为1∶2,主客体反应均为放热、熵减...     

原儿茶酸与拉米夫定体外联合抗HBV药效学研究

为观察拉米夫定(3TC)与原儿茶酸(PA)联合应用抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用,在HepG2.2.15细胞培养液中分别加入适当浓度的3TC、PA、3TC+ PA溶液,每4d换用含相同药物浓度的新鲜培养液,第8天末取上清液,用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测上清液中HbsAg和HbeAg的量,用荧光定量PCR( F...     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定榨菜酱油成分

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术,通过主成分分析(PCA),可较好地区分不同品牌的榨菜酱油样本.利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了测定榨菜酱油成分的定量分析模型,校正集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的分析模型决定系数(R2)分别为98.44,98.74和98.48,交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.001 3,0.008 44和0.355.预测集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的外部验证决定系数(R2)分别为96.04,95.90,96.27,预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为0.017 4,0.012 9,0.48.实验结果具有较高的预测精度,可以用于测定榨菜酱油主要成分的质量浓度.