Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

微纳米活性复合矿物橡胶助剂的研制

根据白炭黑性能及其在钢丝绳橡胶运输带中作粘合助剂的机理分析研究,通过"矿物/表丽活性剂/橡胶"三相化学界面设计,复合利用多种非金属矿物,并将其超细粉碎至微纳米级粉体,经表面化学改性,研发成功白炭黑等量替代产品,并实现了产业化.提出了微纳米复合矿物粉体经表面设计及化学改性,可以作为橡胶粘合助剂产品的理论和一条工艺技术路线.     

单分散的硫化银纳米粒子的一步合成及性质表征

提出了一个简单的、温和的条件下合成高产量的、均匀的、单分散的硫化银纳米粒子的方法.该化学方法采用硫脲作硫源和稳定剂,室温下与硝酸银反应一步即可获得Ag2S纳米粒子,因而不需采用任何模板和基底.采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对所合成的产物进行表征.XRD结果表明产物为单斜相的硫化银,TEM可以看出产物为直径约为50±10 nm左右的球状纳米粒子.XPS分析表明产物中Ag为 1价而S为-2价,它们的原子个数比为AgS = 10.489.UV-Vis观察到合成的硫化银纳米粒子在292 nm处有特征吸收峰.     

酸性条件下合成介孔氧化硅的孔结构及其调湿性能

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂,采用酸性常温法制备介孔氧化硅材料SH,通过添加TMB扩孔剂对其进行改性得到SH TMB,分别测试其吸湿、放湿性能,并采用小角度XRD、TEM、B.E.T.等测试手段研究其孔结构、比表面积和孔径分布等,分析微观形貌与其调湿性能之间的关系。结果表明:酸性条件下合成的介孔氧化硅SH有着很好的吸湿放湿性能,并且添加TMB后其湿度调节能力增大。     

Functional Materials for Catalytic and Magnetic Applications

1 Introduction Metal, metal oxide and metal compound nanoparticles (NPs) received considerable attention due to their unique properties: catalytic, magnetic, optical, electronic, etc. We believe that for different applications, there are preferable morphologies of NP-stabilizing medium composites. For example, small (1-3 nm) nanoparticles formed in micro/mesoporous hypercrosslinked polystyrene demonstrate excellent catalytic properties in various hydrogenation and oxidation reactions due to high surface...     

肼还原法制备镍纳米粒子及其机理

在乙二醇中用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备镍纳米粒子。用X射线衍射仪测定出产物的相结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察产物的微观结构。根据反应现象和产物的相结构,研究温度、pH值调节剂种类和pH值对镍纳米粒子形成的影响,并推断其形成机理。研究结果表明,用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备纳米Ni的最佳反应温度为60℃,用NaOH作pH值调节剂调pH值到10～11得到的镍纳米粒子为体心立方结构,平均粒径为25nm。在Ni纳米粒子的形成过程中,NaOH不仅起到调节pH值的作用,还起催化作用。     

Mechanism of the interaction between Au nanoparticles and polymerase in nanoparticle PCR

Nanoparticle PCR is a novel method to optimize DNA amplification. It performs well in improving specificity, enhancing sensitivity and speed. Several mechanisms were proposed in previous studies: one was based on the interaction between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and DNA while the other was attributed to the heat transfer property of AuNPs. In this paper, we propose that the interaction between AuNPs and DNA polymerase can significantly influence PCR. First, the addition of DNA polymerase can eliminate the inhibitory effects of excess AuNPs. Second, the addition of AuNPs will increase yield of the desired PCR product and make the optimum concentration of DNA polymerase move to higher value. Third, while excess polymerase might inhibit amplification efficiency, AuNPs can reverse this process and the yield of PCR amplification. Based on these results we propose a possible mechanism that AuNPs might modulate the activity of polymerase and improve PCR amplification.     

硅对赤泥分离过程影响的模拟试验

通过向拜耳联合法溶出矿浆中添加硅酸钠,研究硅含量对赤泥沉降性能的影响。实验研究表明:硅含量过高对溶出矿浆的沉降性能有明显的影响,添加适量的钙离子可以改善由于溶出矿浆中硅含量过高而引起的赤泥沉降性能下降。     

异型纳米AlOOH微观晶体结构

利用RTO金属包埋切片微米--纳米表征法,通过高分辨透射电镜观察了γ--AlOOH薄膜切片中的晶格点阵条纹像,分析了添加复合添加剂后异型纳米AlOOH的微观晶体结构,从原子层面揭示了由于铁离子的同晶替代以及硫酸根离子的插层而导致的晶格畸变.阐述了极性添加剂在晶须生长过程中首先形成复合的高聚体、进而定向生长的诱导机理,并指出了非极性表面活性剂对异型纳米AlOOH晶体形貌表面的修复和"美容"作用.用能谱及红外光谱佐证了复合多聚体的存在.