Oil shocks: How can OECD countries manage them best?

As the 1990-91 Gulf crisis has emphasized, the risk of new oil shocks remains high in the medium to long run. Although energy intensity has decreased in the major countries since the first two oil shocks, the simulation performed with the MIMOSA world model, which is described in this paper, shows that a permanent rise in oil prices still induces direct strong negative consequences in the OECD: a temporary recession, a durable loss in production and employment and a lasting rise in inflation. Moreover, according to the model and due to national dissimilarities, an oil shock in Europe has some asymmetrical effects which are pointed out here. Further simulations test two different economic policy responses in the OECD: a ‘beggar-thy-neighbor’ policy in which each country tries to ‘export’ its unemployment by curbing domestic inflation and wage growth; and a co-ordinated policy supporting both supply and demand. The first leads to a general deflationist overshooting. The second ensures stabilization with a much lower cost in employment.     

弧焊光谱视觉传感技术初探

本文通过对弧焊区各部分发光情况及光谱辐射情况的分析和研究,提出了选用光谱窗口观察弧焊区的弧焊光谱传感法。     

Protein aggregation as primary and characteristic cell reaction to various stresses

Ehrlich carcinoma and EL-4 thymoma ascites cells were subjected in vitro to heat shock, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, Ca²⁺ overlading and iodoacetamide treatment. After the transient stresses, Triton (X-100)-insoluble TIS) fractions were isolated from the cells and analysed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. All stresses used caused rapid aggregation of cell proteins. This was manifested in a signficant rise in protein content in the TIS fractions. The protein increase was mostly due to and increase in the insolubility of actin, 57 kDa protein of intermediate filaments, 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 70), and some specific proteins whose insolubilization was a characteristic sign for each type of cell injury. Different survival rates in the cell lines after either stress corrlated well with differences in their TIS protein accretion. Possible mechanisms for stress-induced protein aggregation and its relationship with cell viability are suggested.     

颗粒分布对金属基复合材料激光热冲击破坏的影响

从宏观和微观两方面研究了ＳｉＣ颗粒分布状况对陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料激光热冲击破坏的影响,发现微裂纹形成是由基体内的孔洞和颗粒与基体脱胶所引起,而陶瓷颗粒分布不均匀对裂纹的扩展机理有重要影响,它大大降低了复合材料的宏观力学性能     

算子权移位的局部谱及其应用

本文首先给出有界线性算子局部谱的两个估计式，进而，讨论了算子权移位的局部谱，作为应用，研究了算子权移位的单值扩张性、可分用性及算子序列自身的一个性质。     

铝交联蒙脱土催化剂的合成与评价

采用直接交换法和预焙烧法合成了交联蒙脱土催化剂 ,并利用偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度法 (AAS)和X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)研究了金属组分的担载条件对铝交联蒙脱土交联结构的影响。在不破坏交联蒙脱土的交联结构的情况下 ,采用预焙烧法可以使蒙脱土担载较多的活性组分 ,因而这是担载活性组分较为有效的方法。采用交换法和预焙烧法合成的交联蒙脱土催化剂都具有较高的十氢萘转化活性。十氢萘转化率与催化剂的乙醇酸量之间存在一定的线性关系 ,因而 ,催化剂的乙醇酸量可能是影响催化剂十氢萘转化率的主要因素之一。以C110为催化剂时 ,在氢气初压为 5 .0MPa、反应温度为 35 0～ 36 0℃及反应时间 0～ 6 0min的条件下 ,十氢萘在高压釜中的加氢裂化反应为一级反应 ,其表观活化能约为 6 9kJ/mol。     

码分复用数字音频水印嵌入方案

结合人耳听觉特性，用扩频方法在音频信号中的听觉不敏感区域嵌入多路数字水印，从而实现码分复用．在对嵌入信息的检测中，除了少量系统参数外，数字水印的提取不需要原始信号，并且毋需精确同步．实验表明，该水印具有很好的隐蔽性；尤其是对常见攻击，MP3编码具有良好的稳健性．     

无机功能晶体材料的结晶过程研究

功能晶体材料作为光、声、电等转换的重要介质,已经被广泛应用于能源、信息、航空航天等高新技术领域,是目前国际材料科学与工程学科发展的热点和前沿课题.结晶过程是制备功能材料的核心环节,结晶习性直接影响材料的光、电、磁、催化等功能特性.在无机材料的结晶过程中,晶体组成在微观上经历了从自由态离子到结晶态固体的相变过程.可以借助晶体组成离子的电负性及基团微观对称性的变化,研究结晶过程中聚集体的形成和结构演变规律.利用分子振动光谱能够从分子尺度上揭示非线性光学晶体材料在水溶液结晶过程中结晶学结构的形成过程,克服了传统原位观测手段中缺乏对非长程有序结构的确定.利用结晶生长的化学键合理论从热力学和动力学两个方面指导大块晶体的生长实践,合理调控晶体的生长表/界面热力学和动力学.将结晶生长的化学键合理论应用到大尺寸晶体提拉生长参数的设计和优化,成功搭建了大尺寸晶体智能生长系统,并成功生长了φ2″蓝宝石晶体、φ3″YAG晶体和φ4″铌酸锂晶体.