非光滑车表的空气阻力特性

基于仿生思想,将自然界中普遍存在的非光滑表面形态应用到汽车车身,利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,研究采用非光滑车表减小汽车空气阻力的可行性.从汽车空气阻力的组成入手,通过对比光滑车表与非光滑车表汽车的外流场,分析非光滑车表对汽车压差阻力、诱导阻力、摩擦阻力的影响以及减阻机理.     

接地网腐蚀诊断优化测量方法

以2个220 kV变电站接地网为模型进行接地网腐蚀诊断模拟试验.在初步诊断节点测量中分别采用大跨距、小分块和大分块结合不动点3种方案,列举出其诊断结果,并对3种方案进行分析、比较.结果表明了选择大分块结合不动点作为初步诊断时测量节点对的优化诊断法,诊断效率最高,效果最好.据此提出了接地网腐蚀诊断初步诊断时的选线原则,使该诊断方法更具工程实用性.     

热浸Zn-Ti合金镀层的显微组织与耐蚀性能

为了抑制热镀锌过程中因含硅活性钢引起的镀层超厚生长,本文采用在纯锌浴中加Ti的方法,研究了0.09%Si钢在含低于0.1%Ti的几种锌浴中热浸镀获得的组织,并采用盐雾腐蚀,电化学极化以及X射线光电子能谱等方法,研究了Zn和Zn-Ti镀层的耐蚀性能。结果表明,随着锌浴中Ti含量的增加,Ti对ζ相生长的抑制作用增强,合金层厚度逐渐减薄,Ti能有效地抑制含硅活性钢镀层的超厚生长。当Ti含量大于0.05%时,镀层中出现Γ2粒子。Zn-Ti合金镀层在5%NaCl溶液中发生自发腐蚀的倾向小于Zn镀层,其极化电阻增大,腐蚀电流密度减小,耐蚀性能提高。Zn-Ti镀层表面形成的氧化膜由ZnO 和TiO2组成。锌钛合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能优于纯锌镀层是由于在镀层表面形成了更加稳定的TiO2膜。     

配电网线损计算中等效容量法的局限及改进

通过配电网线损计算中等值电阻法的分析研究,指出当存在小电源并使馈线首端出现功率倒送或功率方向动态改变时,用传统的等效容量法处理小电源会导致很大的线损计算误差.针对这一局限,提出了改进方法,即不再基于日均方根电流使用单一等值电阻,而把1天分为功率方向不变的若干时段(如24 h),分别计算出各时段的等值电阻和电能损耗,再叠加各时段的电能损耗可得出1天的总损耗.经算例计算证明改进方法对提高计算精度十分有效.     

小电流镀铜对阳极氧化AZ31镁合金耐蚀性的 影响

研究了小电流镀铜封孔对阳极氧化AZ31镁合金耐蚀性能的影响.AZ31镁合金阳极氧化后,在传统的镀铜液中进行阴极小电流处理.SEM、EDS和XRD分析结果表明,阴极小电流处理后,在阳极氧化膜的多孔层中发生了铜的沉积.在质量分数为3.5% NaCl水溶液中测试的极化曲线表明,AZ31镁合金阳极氧化后进行小电流镀铜处理,可以提高自腐蚀电位,降低自腐蚀电流密度,使耐蚀性能得到显著提高.     

高炉铸钢冷却壁温度和应变分布热态实验研究

为了研究铸钢冷却壁的高温工作性能,通过热态实验测试了铸钢冷却壁温度场分布,并首次在铸钢冷却壁上安装了应变片,对其冷面的应变分布进行了研究.在炉温1100℃无渣皮条件下,铸钢冷却壁热面最高温度在600℃左右,低于铸钢相变温度;冷面中心线部位应变在-5×10-4左右,四周平均应变在-3×10-4左右.对冷却水管进行了热阻分析,证实了冷却水管与基体之间融合充分,不存在气隙.验证了铸钢特殊的屈服现象,其在热冲击后应变分布得到明显改善.     

不同生境下两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD比较研究

以不同自然生境下两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片为材料,分析了H2O2含量、MDA含量、质膜透性、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性及其同工酶．结果表明：紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片H2O2含量是绿色表型的2．48倍,而其MDA含量和质膜相对透性却显著低于后者．绿色表型盐地碱蓬POD活性显著高于紫红色表型盐地碱蓬,同工酶分析表明,紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD同工酶有6条带,即POD1、POD2、POD3、POD4、POD5、POD6,绿色表型盐地碱蓬叶片有5条同工酶条带,为POD1、POD2、POD3、POD4、POD5,POD1是两种表型盐地碱蓬叶片的主要同工酶,占POD总活性的60％以上．绿色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD1、POD2和POD3的活性分别为紫红色表型的1．39倍、4．11倍和3．21倍．这些结果表明,与绿色表型盐地碱蓬相比,紫红色表型盐地碱蓬叶片POD活性低,可能是其叶片积累更高H2O2原因．     

Reporter-based screen for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> mutants compromised in nonhost resistance

Plants are exposed to many potentially pathogenic microbes in the environment, but each species is only susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. The broad resistance is referred to as nonhost resistance. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance and the signaling transduction process. Here we describe a simple method for isolating Arabidopsis nonhost resistance mutants against a nonadapted bacterial pathogen. A RAP2.6 promoter-driven LUC reporter system was developed to replace the tedious bacterial growth assay during the primary screening. The RAP2.6-LUC reporter gene is normally induced by the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato but not the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv phaseolicola. By using this method we iso- lated 4 mutants displaying strong reporter activity in response to P. syringae pv phaseolicola, which were characterized in some details, ebsl, ebs2, ebs3, and ebs4 （enhanced bacterial susceptibility） were compromised in resistance against P. syringae pv phaseolicola and/or P. syringae pv tomato. In addition, ebs4 showed enhanced hypersensitive response to the incompatible bacterium P. syringae pv tomato （avrB）. These results demonstrated that the method is suited for large scale screening for nonhost resistance mutants.     

Delayed resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus mediated by 3’UTR-derived hairpin RNA

RNA silencing has been shown to function in the plant antivirus defense response, leading to viral RNA degradation induced by vsiRNA-containing RISC cleavage activity. Cucumber mosaic virus （CMV） 3′UTR sequences share a high conservation of nucleotide sequence and secondary structures that are important for CMV replication. Here, in an attempt to simultaneously target the multiple genomic and subgenomic RNAs of CMV for degradation, CMV 3′UTR were used to design hairpin RNA （hpRNA） to transform tobacco （Xanthi. nc） so as to constitutively produce viral siRNAs. Most of the transgenic plants expressing CMV Q strain （Q-CMV, subgroup Ⅱ strain） RNA3 3′UTR-derived hpRNA showed delayed resistance to Q-CMV infection and exhibited recovery phenotypes. Compared with Q-CMV-inoculated leaves, the upper leaves showed weak or no disease symptoms and a reduced accumulation level of viral RNAs. Together with transient assays, our results indicate that the 3′UTR-derived siRNAs were biologically active in targeting viral RNA for degradation. Recovery resistance in transgenic plants was also observed against subgroup IB strain SD-CMV infection, indicating a broad-spectrum anti-CMV effect of the 3′UTR-based antiviral silencing. Northern blot assays indicated that there was no strong correlation between the degree of resistance and the accumulation level of 3′UTR-derived siRNAs, suggesting that to target a highly structured RNA, such as the CMV 3′UTR, the quantity of siRNAs may not be the only determinant of silencing efficiency. Target RNA secondary structures may also affect target accessibility, siRNA-containing RISC-target recognition and the consequent antiviral effect.     

粘质沙雷氏菌抗铜基因的克隆及性质研究

 通过构建粘质沙雷氏菌KMR-3菌株的基因组DNA文库,克隆到了与该菌的铜抗性相关的基因,并对其部分特性进行了研究.结果表明克隆到的铜抗性基因所编码的蛋白属于CutF蛋白,由194个氨基酸编码,与莫氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia mollaretii)ATCC43969抗铜脂蛋白NlpE同源性最高,达到70%,并对该基因的调控序列(启动子、终止子、SD序列及转录起始位点)进行了分析.