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111.
A. Shukla P. Chaurasia S. R. Bhaumik 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(8):1419-1433
Methylation of lysine residues of histones is associated with functionally distinct regions of chromatin, and, therefore,
is an important epigenetic mark. Over the past few years, several enzymes that catalyze this covalent modification on different
lysine residues of histones have been discovered. Intriguingly, histone lysine methylation has also been shown to be cross-regulated
by histone ubiquitination or the enzymes that catalyze this modification. These covalent modifications and their cross-talks
play important roles in regulation of gene expression, heterochromatin formation, genome stability, and cancer. Thus, there
has been a very rapid progress within past several years towards elucidating the molecular basis of histone lysine methylation
and ubiquitination, and their aberrations in human diseases. Here, we discuss these covalent modifications with their cross-regulation
and roles in controlling gene expression and stability.
Received 24 September 2008; received after revision 21 November 2008; accepted 28 November 2008 相似文献
112.
C. Schubert 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(7):1178-1197
The Williams-Beuren syndrome is a genomic disorder (prevalence: 1/7,500 to 1/20,000), caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene
deletion on chromosome 7q11.23. Typical symptoms comprise supravalvular aortic stenosis, mental retardation, overfriendliness
and visuospatial impairment. The common deletion sizes range of 1.5–1.8 mega base pairs (Mb), encompassing app. 28 genes.
For a few genes, a genotype-phenotype correlation has been established. The best-explored gene within this region is the elastin
gene; its haploinsufficiency causes arterial stenosis. The region of the Williams-Beuren syndrome consists of a single copy
gene region (~1.2 Mb) flanked by repetitive sequences – Low Copy Repeats (LCR). The deletions arise as a consequence of misalignment
of these repetitive sequences during meiosis and a following unequal crossing over due to high similarity of LCRs. This review
presents an overview of the Williams-Beuren syndrome region considering the genomic assembly, chromosomal rearrangements and
their mechanisms (i.e. deletions, duplications, inversions) and evolutionary and historical aspects.
Received 11 July 2008; received after revision 15 October 2008; accepted 16 October 2008 相似文献
113.
The elucidation of assembly pathways of multi-subunit membrane proteins is of growing interest in structural biology. In this
study, we provide an analysis of the assembly of the asymmetrically oriented PsaC subunit on the pseudo C2-symmetric Photosystem I core. Based on a comparison of the differences in the NMR solution structure of unbound PsaC with
that of the X-ray crystal structure of bound PsaC, and on a detailed analysis of the PsaC binding site surrounding the FX iron-sulfur cluster, two models can be envisioned for what are likely the last steps in the assembly of Photosystem I. Here,
we dissect both models and attempt to address heretofore unrecognized issues by proposing a mechanism that includes a thermodynamic
perspective. Experimental strategies to verify the models are proposed. In closing, the evolutionary aspects of the assembly
process will be considered, with special reference to the structural arrangement of the PsaC binding surface.
Received 22 October 2008; received after revision 17 November 2008; accepted 05 December 2008 相似文献
114.
Berger W Steiner E Grusch M Elbling L Micksche M 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(1):43-61
The unique and evolutionary highly conserved major vault protein (MVP) is the main component of ubiquitous, large cellular
ribonucleoparticles termed vaults. The 100 kDa MVP represents more than 70% of the vault mass which contains two additional
proteins, the vault poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (vPARP) and the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1), as well as several
short untranslated RNAs (vRNA). Vaults are almost ubiquitously expressed and, besides chemotherapy resistance, have been implicated
in the regulation of several cellular processes including transport mechanisms, signal transmissions and immune responses.
Despite a growing amount of data from diverse species and systems, the definition of precise vault functions is still highly
complex and challenging. Here we review the current knowledge on MVP and vaults with focus on regulatory functions in intracellular
signal transduction and immune defence.
Received 27 June 2008; received after revision 25 July 2008; accepted 30 July 2008 相似文献
115.
Wolfs JL Comfurius P Bekers O Zwaal RF Balasubramanian K Schroit AJ Lindhout T Bevers EM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(2):314-323
The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface plays a critical role in blood coagulation and serves as a macrophage
recognition moiety for the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Previous observations have shown that a high extracellular [K+] and selective K+ channel blockers inhibit PS exposure in platelets and erythrocytes. Here we show that the rate of PS exposure in erythrocytes
decreases by ~50% when the intracellular [K+] increases from 0 to physiological concentrations. Using resealed erythrocyte membranes, we further show that lipid scrambling
is inducible by raising the intracellular [Ca2+] and that K+ ions have a direct inhibitory effect on this process. Lipid scrambling in resealed ghosts occurs in the absence of cell shrinkage
and microvesicle formation, processes that are generally attributed to Ca2+-induced lipid scrambling in intact erythrocytes. Thus, opening of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels causes loss of intracellular K+ that results in reduced intrinsic inhibitory effect of these ions on scramblase activity.
Received 11 September 2008; received after revision 17 October 2008; accepted 27 October 2008 相似文献
116.
B. C. Yoo S-H. Hong J-L. Ku Y-H. Kim Y-K. Shin S-G. Jang I-J. Kim S-Y. Jeong J-G. Park 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(2):350-364
Comparative analysis of proteomes using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human colon cancer cell line revealed that decreased
galectin-3 expression was significantly associated with retarded proliferation. However, in the presence of 5-FU proliferation
rate of cells with suppressed galectin-3 expression did not differ from that of cells with normal galectin-3 expression, even
galectin-3 suppression augmented apoptosis. Mechanism by which galectin-3 regulates cancer cell proliferation has been identified
in immunoprecipitates of the anti-galectin-3 antibody. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (hnRNP Q) was identified
as a protein interacting with galectin-3. Interestingly, while galectin-3 protein was not affected by the hnRNP Q level, its
suppression was accompanied by a decrease in hnRNP Q expression. The present study demonstrates that galectin-3 stabilizes
hnRNP Q via complex formation, and reduction in the hnRNP Q level leads to slow proliferation and less susceptibility to 5-FU.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
B.C.Yoo; S-H.Hong; These two authors contributed equally to this work.
Received 10 September 2008; received after revision 19 October 2008; accepted 07 November 2008 相似文献
117.
J. Kim D. C. Han J. M. Kim S. Y. Lee S. J. Kim J. R. Woo J. W. Lee S.-K. Jung K. S. Yoon H. G. Cheon S. S. Kim S. H. Hong B.-M. Kwon 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2009,66(10):1766-1781
Indenone KR-62776 acts as an agonist of PPARγ without inducing obesity in animal models and cells. X-ray crystallography reveals
that the indenone occupies the binding pocket in a different manner than rosiglitazone. 2-Dimensional gel-electrophoresis
showed that the expression of 42 proteins was altered more than 2.0-fold between KR-62776- or rosiglitazone-treated adipocyte
cells and control cells. Rosiglitazone down-regulated the expression of ERK1/2 and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2
in these cells. However, the expression of ERK1/2 was up-regulated in KR-62776-treated cells. Phosphorylated ERK1/2, activated
by indenone, affects the localization of PPARγ, suggesting a mechanism for indenone-inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte
cells. The preadipocyte cells are treated with ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, a large amount of the cells are converted to adipocyte
cells. These results support the conclusion that the localization of PPARγ is one of the key factors explaining the biological
responses of the ligands.
Received 04 March 2009; received after revision 13 March 2009; accepted 17 March 2009 相似文献
118.
Large conductance, Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom and play important roles in many physiological
processes, such as muscle contraction, neural transmission and hearing. These physiological roles derive from the ability
of BK channels to be synergistically activated by membrane voltage, intracellular Ca2+ and other ligands. Similar to voltage-gated K+ channels, BK channels possess a pore-gate domain (S5–S6 transmembrane segments) and a voltage-sensor domain (S1–S4). In addition,
BK channels contain a large cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that serves as the primary ligand sensor. The voltage sensor and
the ligand sensor allosterically control K+ flux through the pore-gate domain in response to various stimuli, thereby linking cellular metabolism and membrane excitability.
This review summarizes the current understanding of these structural domains and their mutual interactions in voltage-, Ca2+ - and Mg2+ -dependent activation of the channel.
Received 25 September 2008; received after revision 23 October 2008; accepted 24 October 2008 相似文献
119.
Dynamic protein methylation in chromatin biology 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
120.
Bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bitter peptides are a structurally diverse group of oligopeptides often generated in fermented, aged, and hydrolyzed food
products that make them unfavorable for consumption. Humans perceive bitterness by a repertoire of 25 human bitter receptors,
termed T2Rs. Knowledge of the structural features of bitter receptors and of the factors that stimulate bitter receptors will
aid in understanding the mechanism responsible for bitter taste perception. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding
structural features of bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors.
Received 24 November 2008; received after revision 11 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008 相似文献