改进部分响应正交频分复用系统的设计与应用

为提高现有部分响应正交频分复用系统抗噪声性能,提出改进的部分响应正交频分复用系统.建立相关编码与卷积的关系,相关编码可等效于快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)之后的一个脉冲成形滤波器.把滤波器一分为二,将其中一个搬移到接收机一侧,从而获得最佳或准最佳的接收.无线衰落信道仿真结果表明,改进的部分响应正交频分复用系统较传统正交频分复用系统和现有部分响应正交频分复用系统信噪比提高约1.9dB.     

煤的热解研究：Ⅰ.气氛和温度对热解的影响

常压、温度为６００￣１２００℃条件下,东胜烟煤分别在氢和氮气氛中热解的实验研究表明：煤在氢气氛中热解与在氮气氛相比产气率更高,焦油质量较好,同时获得了较高的煤转化率,热解温度强烈地影响热解产物的组成和煤转化率,随温度的升高煤化率提高,热解气产率增加,ＣＨ４,ＣＯ和ＣＯ２的产率上升,焦油产率降低,但温度对Ｃ２＾＋和Ｈ２Ｏ的产率影响不大。     

Microhabitat selection in the sand recluse spider (Sicarius thomisoides): the effect of rock size and temperature

In spiders, temperature is considered an important environmental variable for microhabitat selection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and rock size on the presence of the sand recluse spider Sicarius thomisoides and the degree of selectivity in different locations. This species is a large spider that lives under rocks in desert and semi-desert climates and is particularly active during the summer. In Chile, these spiders can be found at both coastal and inland locations under different thermal conditions, where usually the temperatures are lower near the coast. If large-scale climatic conditions are important for this species, they may be expected to select lower rock temperatures on the coast than at inland locations. In addition, we would expect that the spiders would choose larger rocks in inland compared to coast locations, which reduce the effect of high temperatures. We found that the probability of finding individuals of this species increased according to rock temperature and rock size in the field. Our results suggest that S. thomisoides prefers larger and warmer rocks to shelter under during the day, this selectivity being similar at both coastal and inland locations. Thus, this species tends to select rocks with the same thermal and structural conditions, independent of the climatic conditions.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (part I)

Continuing examination of colonial ascidians in museum collections is revealing further diversity in the family Didemnidae, which abounds in the tropical Indo-West Pacific and around the Australian continent (Kott, 2001). From the present work, it is apparent that much remains to be learnt about this fauna. Of the 45 species discussed in this paper, 16 are new. Larvae are described for the first time for Polysyncraton pedunculatum Kott, 2001 and P. rica Kott, 2001. Amongst the synonymy established in this paper Didemnoides tropicum Sluiter, 1909 is found to be a junior synonym of Lissoclinum patella (Gottschaldt, 1898) and Trididemnum vermiforme Kott, 2001 a junior synonym of T. nobile Kott, 2001. Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967 is found to be a valid species distinct from Polysyncraton cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909). Prolific replication rates, rapid colony growth, flexibility in growth form and a viviparous habit result in convergence tending to small zooid size, and similar large, increasingly complex colonies found in this family contribute to species diversity around the whole of the Australian continent.     

电信空调冷却塔供冷系统节能应用

根据电信机楼的空调负荷特点,在冬季和部分过渡季节,选择使用冷却塔加板式换热器的间接式免费供冷空调系统为电信机楼提供冷量。介绍了冬季机房空调送风温度和冷却塔供冷温度的确定,分析了冷却塔供冷温度对冷却塔运行消耗的影响。通过预测计算确定冷却塔免费制冷的的运行时间及节能效果。并引入了冷负荷供需指数的概念,经过现场测试计算得出江苏电信第二枢纽工程中影响该指数的三个因素,最后总结了江苏电信免费制冷技术的节能情况和应用潜力。     

储热水箱分层特性的研究

储热水箱被广泛使用在太阳能集热系统以及家用电加热热水器中,是决定集热系统和热水器性能的关键因素之一,储热水箱分层效果的好坏决定了集热系统的效率及热水器的热水出水量.绘制了直接进口和三层孔板两种储热水箱结构图,通过设计试验系统,搭建储热水箱分层特性测试试验台,收集了两种结构水箱在相同的初始水温、不同流量时水箱各层温度随时间的变化数据并绘制成图.同时基于热力学定律,分析对比了相同进口结构、相同初始进出水温差取出效率随时间的变化.在初始温度50℃、流量为1.1和4.2 kg·min^-1的工况下,对比了不同结构的MIX数对储热水箱分层性能的影响.     

防止重掺砷CZ单晶硅组分过冷的探讨

在探讨组分过冷数学模型的基础上,针对重掺砷CZ单晶硅的生长,理论计算了防止组分过冷时固液界面处晶体温度梯度G_S的临界值为51.32~33.10 K/cm.以此为依据,设计了具有较大温度梯度的18寸(60 cm)晶体生长热场,以数值模拟的方法,给出了固液界面处晶体的温度梯度G_S的模拟值为54.68~38.14 K/cm.在晶体等径生长的各个阶段,固液界面处晶体的温度梯度G_S的模拟值均在防止组分过冷的临界值之上,可以有效避免晶体生长过程中组分过冷的发生,并利用实际晶体生长试验的结果验证了以上分析的有效性.     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察,研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响,讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小,纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀;其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成,具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配,两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压,尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化,强度大幅度提高,可达1 300 MPa以上。