长江源头典型湖泊表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留状况

选择地处长江源头典型湖泊之一的红枫湖为试区,对该水域的14个典型采样点表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量进行了调研,以揭示长江源头典型湖泊中PCBs的残留现状,以及各种同系物在湖泊底质中的分布特征.结果表明:PCBs残留总量介于ND~87.7 ng/g之间,平均值在27.2 ng/g,主要以4~6氯联苯为主.按残留量均值从高到低的几种同系物依次是:PCB138>PCB153>PCB126>PCB180>PCB105;检出率较高的几种同系物依次是:PCB153>PCB138>PCB126>PCB180.PCBs含量具有明显的地域性,以花鱼洞大桥为界限,将湖分为南北两湖,PCBs总含量北湖明显高于南湖.初步认为工业污染和PCBs理化性质是造成百花湖底质中PCBs来源的主要原因.     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

产氨基寡糖素海洋细菌的分离和特征

采用几丁质选择性培养基富集和平板法从北海红树林土样中分离出可降解几丁质产生透明水解圈的细菌8株,并从中筛选出一株可降解转化几丁质产氨基寡糖素较好的菌株(HB003,下同),经对其生物学特性和几丁质转化产氨基寡糖发酵试验,结果表明:该菌株的菌落圆形、湿润、浅黄;细胞杆状,大小为0.5×1～2 μm,革兰氏染色阴性,无芽孢,单根极生鞭毛,可运动;兼厌气,中温性,生长最适起始pH7.5～8.5,25～35℃,耐盐,其在以几丁质为唯一碳源基质的液体培养基,起始pH 8.5,30℃的条件下静置发酵6 d,可产氨基寡糖素153.5 mg/L.     

固定化海洋微藻在西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)人工育苗中的应用

采用海藻酸钠固定化培养6株海洋微藻,并将微藻藻珠引入西施舌幼贝育苗水体混养,通过测定水体中氨氮和亚硝酸氮质量浓度的变化,测量幼贝的生长量,研究微藻藻珠对西施舌育苗水体水质的调控作用以及对西施舌幼贝成活率与生长的影响.结果表明:西施舌幼贝混养水体中,氨氮质量浓度下降了74.7%,亚硝酸氮质量浓度下降了97.7%,与对照组相比,混养促进了幼贝的生长,提高了幼贝的成活率,生长量与对照组相比增加了84.9%.     

3种海藻的粗蛋白对植物病原真菌的抑制作用

以圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopium)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、红色链孢霉(Neurcsporacrassa)、玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium turcicum)、稻瘟病菌(Piricularia oryzae)和黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)等6种植物病原真菌为供试菌,检测了3种海藻(铁钉菜Ishige okamurae、羊栖菜Sargassum fusiforme、冈村凹顶藻Laurencia okamurai)的粗蛋白对它们的菌丝生长及孢子萌发的影响.实验表明,3种海藻的粗蛋白对6种真菌的菌丝生长及孢子萌发的作用效果不同,其中冈村凹顶藻粗蛋白对红色链孢霉菌丝的生长,羊栖菜粗蛋白对稻瘟病菌孢子的抑制作用最明显,而羊栖菜和铁钉菜粗蛋白对红色链孢霉的菌丝生长,冈村凹顶藻粗蛋白对绿色木霉及黄曲霉的孢子萌发均无抑制效果.3种海藻的粗蛋白能凝集兔血红细胞,表明它们当中含有凝集素.     

基于Internet的海洋科技文献检索

介绍了基于Internet的海洋科技文献检索的主要途径,阐述了基于Internet海洋科技文献检索的主要步骤,提出了基于Internet的海洋科技文献检索的技巧。     

2007-2009年浙江省嵊泗赤潮监控区表层沉积物和紫贻贝重金属含量分析

研究了2007-2009年浙江省嵊泗赤潮监控区表层沉积物和紫贻贝重金属Hg、As、Cu、Pb和Cd含量。结果表明：嵊泗赤潮监控区表层沉积物质量良好,符合一类沉积物质量标准。Cu和Pb的含量明显高于其它3种重金属元素,其次是As〉Cd〉Hg;污染指数大小排序为Cu〉As,Pb〉Cd〉Hg,沉积物将有可能受到Cu的污染,应引起重视。紫贻贝重金属含量大小为Cu〉Cd〉Pb,As〉Hg,Cu、Pb和Cd含量有升高趋势,Pb和Cd的污染指数较高,紫贻贝已受到Pb和Cd的污染。     

海洋生物毒素研究新进展

海洋生物毒素以其毒性强,结构新颖,药理作用特殊,易合成等特点成为药理学和神经科学的有力工具和新药开发的新来源.本文根据海洋生物毒素的化学结构特征将其大致分为3类:即多肽类毒素,聚醚类毒素,生物碱类毒素等,并对其进行了综述,同时对海洋生物毒素的应用前景进行了展望.     

Heat treatment of novel low-carbon multi-alloyed anti-wear marine steel

A low-carbon anti-wear steel,multi-alloyed with Si-Cr-Mn-Al-Ni-Mo-(Nb,RE),was designed for vane pumps of ships. The novel cast steel after various heat treatments was characterized by microstructure observations and mechanical properties measurement in order to achieve an optimal process correlated with good abrasive resistance for a long marine service.Differential scanning calorimetry and hardness analyses deduced a complete austenitizing temperature of 1 000℃,based on the alloying element homogenizati...     

红河深水扇沉积物重力流特征

依据地震、岩心和测井资料,通过唯一钻遇红河深水扇的YC35井的岩心观察与描述,对红河深水扇沉积物重力流沉积特征进行研究,并与典型的沉积模式相比较,确定红河深水扇的沉积物重力流类型。结果表明:YC35井岩心沉积物为半深海环境下的重力流沉积;红河深水扇发育多种沉积物重力流类型,包括碎屑流、颗粒流、液化流以及浊流等,它们在纵向上相互叠置;红河深水扇属于富砂型深水扇,储层发育,这为红河深水扇的油气勘探奠定了物质基础。