聚联苯乙烯和石墨化碳黑固相萃取用于污水中雌激素的定量分析

研究了聚联苯乙烯(SDB)和石墨化碳黑(GCB)固相萃取用于样品前处理对污水样中雌二醇(E2)和乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的酶联免疫吸附检测(ELISA)定量分析可靠性的影响.采用GCB固相萃取可对E2和EE2进行分步洗提,相比SDB固相萃取在污水厂原水样中E2和EE2的加标回收率分别从181.4%和122.6%降至113.3%和109.4%,相对标准偏差均降至10.0%以下;在污水厂尾水样中E2的加标回收率则分别从144.2%降至93.5%,而EE2无明显变化,相对标准偏差均从接近10.0%降至8.0%以下.利用液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用对污水厂原水样的平行分析的结果表明采用GCB固相萃取可比采用SDB固相萃取降低38%的E2检测假阳性和15%的EE2检测假阳性.     

造纸脱墨污泥脲醛树脂纤维板研究

利用同步热分析研究脲醛树脂胶的热解特性。利用造纸厂脱墨污泥制造纤维板,分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料物理力学性能影响。结果表明,热压温度在110～200℃之间、NH4Cl加入量为0.5%为宜。污泥纤维板的静曲强度为1.99～18.33 MPa,平均值为8.21 MPa;弹性模量为0.46～3.22GPa,平均值为1.57 GPa;内结合强度为1.58～3.15 MPa,平均值为2.25 MPa;沸腾实验后内结合强度为0.66～1.71 MPa,平均值为1.14 MPa;24h吸水厚度膨胀率为4.36%～7.69%,平均值为5.54%。极差分析密度、施胶量、温度、时间对材料各项性能影响不同,但密度影响都是最大的。SAS分析显示密度、施胶量、温度对材料各项性能的影响都是显著的。     

高原地区耐冷菌的生物特性研究

研究前期试验筛选鉴定出的5株高原低温优势耐冷菌种的生物特性,分别测定了耐冷菌的生长曲线以及温度、pH值对其生长的影响。进过试验数据分析得出如下结论：1）前期试验分离鉴定出的5株高原低温优势耐冷菌在10℃低温下均能正常生长,且能保持较高的代谢活性,耐冷菌受温度的影响显著,温度过高（高于15℃）或是过低（低于8—10℃）都会影响耐冷菌的生长情况。2）低温时反应器中SRT为6d以上,才能保证耐冷菌成为系统中的优势菌种。3）弱酸、中性环境适宜低温耐冷菌的生长,弱碱环境也较为适宜耐冷菌的生长。筛选出的耐冷菌是适于城市污水的,但用于工业废水处理时应充分考虑进水酸碱度的影响,避免对耐冷菌造成毒害或抑制作用。     

污泥对石灰性土壤有机质和全氮磷钾含量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了不同用量污泥对石灰性生土和熟土有机质和全氮、全磷、全钾含量的影响。结果表明：施用1．25％、2．5％、3．75％、5％的污泥,两种石灰性土壤有机质和全N、全P含量都显著高于对照,且随着用量的增大,增加幅度增大;而全K含量增加不显著。因此,合理利用污泥能提高土壤肥力。     

河南油田含油污泥焚烧和资源化利用

针对河南油田含油污泥的情况,采用沉淀、收油、固化、添加助燃剂等处理方法,利用河南油田现有的燃煤锅炉对其进行焚烧.使用该方法能以较低的成本对含油污泥进行资源化利用,降低燃煤锅炉成本,实现含油污泥的无害化处理,解决环境污染问题.燃烧烟气检测结果表明:与煤单独燃烧时相比,处理后的含油污泥与煤共同燃烧SO2的质量浓度从410mg/m3左右降为88mg/m3左右,氮氧化物的质量浓度从62.5410mg/m3左右下降为21.1410mg/m3左右,烟尘质量浓度从45mg/m3左右上升到126mg/m3左右,但都能满足环保要求.燃烧后固体废弃物的浸出液检测结果表明:COD、硫化物、石油类都达到国家二类排放标准.节约燃煤15%～17%.     

Adsorption Characteristics of Remazol Black B on Anoxic Sludge

The adsorption characteristics of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge were investigated. The parameters, such as initial pH, sulphate concentration, and temperature,affecting the dye adsorption were studied. The adsorption data were analyzed with three adsorption isotherm models,namely Langmuir, Freudlich, and linear partition. The results showed that adsorption of Remazol Black B on the sterilized sludge reached equilibrium in 4 h. It also indicated that pH had significant effect on anoxic sludge adsorption behavior. The adsorption capacity of anoxic sludge decreased with the increase of pH value and the maximum adsorption capacity of dyes occurred at pH = 3. The adsorptive capacities increased with the decrease of temperature and increase of sulphate concentration. Results also indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of Remazol Black B on anoxic sludge could be well fitted by Freundlich model.     

Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

炼油厂剩余污泥中温厌氧消化处理试验研究

针对中国石油锦州石化公司污水处理厂的剩余污泥采取动态半连续流中温厌氧消化试验,进行污泥减量化及资源化的中试研究。对系统进行每天定量投配生污泥,考察不同停留时间污泥系统中pH值、VFA、碱度、固相及液相COD的参数变化情况以及COD、VSS的降解情况。结果表明：锦州石化公司剩余活性污泥有较好的消化性能,消化周期为20～25d,COD去除率为70.3%,VSS去除率为55.6%,1kgCOD产气量为0.33m3。污泥混合物实现了剩余污泥的减量化与资源化。     

包埋法固定化微生物技术中的载体选择及在污水生物处理中的应用

较详细介绍了包埋法固定化微生物技术中不同种类包埋载体的特点,比较分析了不同载体的使用对污水生物处理效果的影响,指出了包埋法的应用范围.     

城市污水量预测模型及方法综述

预测污水量是城市排水系统的规划、设计、运行和管理所需要的基本数据.为了获得合理的污水量预测值,目前常用的污水量预测模型和方法,包括回归分析法、系统动力学法、ARMA模型、灰色模型、BP人工神经网络法和指标分析法等,同时讨论了这些模型和方法的原理及其应用,并论述了各类模型和方法的“优缺点”.