外商直接投资趋势研究——基于灰色马尔可夫预测模型与时间序列模型的对比

外商直接投资是影响中国经济发展的重要因素,而未来外商直接投资的预测是其发展和决策的基础.文章在阐述外商直接投资对中国经济发展的作用以及对未来中国利用外资水平预测的必要性的基础上,选取2000-2013年度中国利用外商直接投资(FDI)的数据,通过建立灰色马尔可夫(GMM)和时间序列模型,对中国利用FDI的趋势进行预测,并对预测结果精度进行比较,以得出较优的预测模型.研究结果表明:传统灰色模型合格,但仍有可提升的空间;在此基础上,建立GMM预测模型对结果进行修正,所得模型的灰色关联度有很大提升,且与真实值差距进一步缩小;建立时间序列模型,并据此对数据进行预测;比较GMM与时间序列模型预测结果的精度,可知,GMM的预测精度较高,拟合效果较好.为验证这一结果的可信度,文章选取1990-2013年度北京市和重庆市FDI水平的数据,建立GMM和时间序列预测模型,再次发现GMM预测效果优于时间序列模型的预测效果.基于此,GMM对中国利用外资水平的预测结果较为可信,预测结果对完善中国直接利用外商投资的机制具有一定参考价值.     

交错级数敛散性的一个新判别准则

交错级数是数学分析重要内容之一,对交错级数敛散性的判别方法目前并不多.关于交错级数的敛散性,给出一个新的判别准则,利用这个准则不仅能够判定一个交错级数的敛散性,而且能够判定交错级数是绝对收敛还是条件收敛.选择实例对给出的判别准则的可行性进行了检验.     

下侧Dirichlet级数与下侧随机Dirichlet级数

研究了下侧D irichlet级数和下侧随机D irichlet级数在左半平面,任何左半带形以及左半水平直线的增长性,型之间的关系。     

Bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive model: new alternatives with applications to tourism forecasting

This paper proposes the use of the bias‐corrected bootstrap for interval forecasting of an autoregressive time series with an arbitrary number of deterministic components. We use the bias‐corrected bootstrap based on two alternative bias‐correction methods: the bootstrap and an analytic formula based on asymptotic expansion. We also propose a new stationarity‐correction method, based on stable spectral factorization, as an alternative to Kilian's method exclusively used in past studies. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to compare small‐sample properties of prediction intervals. The results show that the bias‐corrected bootstrap prediction intervals proposed in this paper exhibit desirable small‐sample properties. It is also found that the bootstrap bias‐corrected prediction intervals based on stable spectral factorization are tighter and more stable than those based on Kilian's stationarity‐correction. The proposed methods are applied to interval forecasting for the number of tourist arrivals in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Backward‐in‐Time Selection of the Order of Dynamic Regression Prediction Model

We investigate the optimal structure of dynamic regression models used in multivariate time series prediction and propose a scheme to form the lagged variable structure called Backward‐in‐Time Selection (BTS), which takes into account feedback and multicollinearity, often present in multivariate time series. We compare BTS to other known methods, also in conjunction with regularization techniques used for the estimation of model parameters, namely principal components, partial least squares and ridge regression estimation. The predictive efficiency of the different models is assessed by means of Monte Carlo simulations for different settings of feedback and multicollinearity. The results show that BTS has consistently good prediction performance, while other popular methods have varying and often inferior performance. The prediction performance of BTS was also found the best when tested on human electroencephalograms of an epileptic seizure, and for the prediction of returns of indices of world financial markets.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Neuro‐wavelet Model for the Short‐Term Forecasting of High‐Frequency Time Series of Stock Returns

We propose a wavelet neural network (neuro‐wavelet) model for the short‐term forecast of stock returns from high‐frequency financial data. The proposed hybrid model combines the capability of wavelets and neural networks to capture non‐stationary nonlinear attributes embedded in financial time series. A comparison study was performed on the predictive power of two econometric models and four recurrent neural network topologies. Several statistical measures were applied to the predictions and standard errors to evaluate the performance of all models. A Jordan net that used as input the coefficients resulting from a non‐decimated wavelet‐based multi‐resolution decomposition of an exogenous signal showed a consistent superior forecasting performance. Reasonable forecasting accuracy for the one‐, three‐ and five step‐ahead horizons was achieved by the proposed model. The procedure used to build the neuro‐wavelet model is reusable and can be applied to any high‐frequency financial series to specify the model characteristics associated with that particular series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exploring Survey‐Based Inflation Forecasts

This paper first shows that survey‐based expectations (SBE) outperform standard time series models in US quarterly inflation out‐of‐sample prediction and that the term structure of survey‐based inflation forecasts has predictive power over the path of future inflation changes. It then proposes some empirical explanations for the forecasting success of survey‐based inflation expectations. We show that SBE pool a large amount of heterogeneous information on inflation expectations and react more flexibly and accurately to macro conditions both contemporaneously and dynamically. We illustrate the flexibility of SBE forecasts in the context of the 2008 financial crisis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

支持向量机在围岩变形监测中的应用

根据支特向量机优越的非线性拟合性能,建立变形量的时间序列预测模型,滚动预测围岩变形量,提高了预测模型的训练速度和预测推广能力。该方法用于西乡-固戍盾构段围岩变形预测,并与BP神经网络预测进行比较。结果表明这种模型可预测区间较长且具有较高的准确度,能够科学地指导现场施工和监测。     

右半平面上随机Dirichlet级数的值分布

将一个较宽的系数条件推广到随机~Dirichlet 级数上, 并证明了右半平面上的有限级随机~Dirichlet 级数几乎必然~(a.s.) 以虚轴上 每一点为没有例外小函数的强~Borel 点.     

钢梁柱弱轴顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯特性

为了解顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯特性,利用简化的斜率-位移方程推导了半刚性连接初始刚度的计算公式,根据角钢的塑性特性计算了半刚性连接的极限弯矩,进行了两类柱弱轴顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯试验,并利用三参数幂函数模型模拟了所研究的半刚性连接的弯矩-转角曲线.结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果吻合很好,文中提出的新型连接形式具有很好的抗弯能力.