不同载体和前驱体对钴基催化剂浆相费托合成性能的影响

以SiO2和γ Al2O3为载体,以硝酸钴、醋酸钴和氯化钴为前驱体,利用浸渍法制备出钴基细粒子催化剂。用X射线衍射、程序升温还原、比表面测试等技术考察了钴基催化剂的结构和还原性能,分析了不同载体和前驱体对浆相费托反应性能的影响。结果表明,SiO2载体上钴物种的分散度和还原度均高于γ Al2O3载体,因而Co/γ Al2O3催化剂的活性最差,CO转化率远低于Co/SiO2催化剂。不同钴前驱体所制备的Co/SiO2催化剂钴物种的分散度和还原度有很大的差别,其相应的Co/SiO2催化剂的浆相费托活性顺序由大到小依次为:Co(NO3)2,Co(NO3)2+Co(CH3CO2)2,Co(CH3CO2)2,CoCl2。     

汉江中下游硅藻群落时空分布及其影响因素研究

为研究汉江中下游水体和沉积物硅藻的时空分布特征及其影响因素, 于2014年春、秋两季对汉江中下游5个监测断面的硅藻群落进行监测。基于18S rRNA Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术的鉴定结果, 共得到硅藻3纲28目49科111属160种, 其中沉积物硅藻占98.6%。物种丰度显著多于已有研究的结果, 体现了高通量测序技术在硅藻物种鉴定上的优势。水体和沉积物硅藻群落组成和优势种有显著差异, 水体中硅藻优势种为Pinnularia, Cyclotella和Nitzschia, 沉积物中硅藻优势种为Pinnularia, Nitzschia和Navicula。汉江中下游硅藻群落多样性的时空差异明显, 硅藻多样性存在空间异质性, 且沉积物硅藻比水体硅藻多样性丰富; 在季节影响方面, 表现为秋季硅藻物种多样性比春季丰富。总氮、氨氮、硝态氮和总磷等环境因素对硅藻群落组成影响较大, 因此氮磷控制对避免汉江中下游硅藻水华发生具有重要意义。     

酸碱改性粉煤灰对SBR反应器处理氨氮废水的影响

利用1mol/L 盐酸和1mol/L NaOH溶液对粉煤灰进行酸碱改性,将改性前后的粉煤灰加入处理模拟氨氮废水的SBR反应器中,反应器菌源来自于污水处理厂生化池活性污泥,逐渐提高进水NH⁺₄-N质量浓度,检测反应器NH⁺₄-N质量浓度及反应器中污泥质量浓度、优势菌群丰度.实验结果表明,当反应器运行40d,进水NH⁺₄-N质量浓度为861.1mg/L时,R3(添加经酸碱改性粉煤灰)反应器、R2(添加未改性粉煤灰)反应器、R1(未添加粉煤灰)反应器NH⁺₄-N去除率分别为100%,98.76%,91.87%;利用蛋白质质量浓度间接表征三个反应器中的污泥质量浓度,R3反应器中蛋白质质量浓度最高为829.08mg/L,R2次之为789.37mg/L,R1最小为154.2mg/L.此外,高通量测序结果显示R3反应器中硝化菌和亚硝化菌群丰度均高于R1,R2反应器中菌群丰度.     

清中后期社会历史文化心态的展现——以小说《荡寇志》为例

《荡寇志》是清中后期保守士人面对西潮涌入、传统文化失落的集体性情感反应的产物,小说作者俞万春以捍卫中国传统文化的基本价值为己任,担负起了文化卫道的使命。但残酷的现实却撕碎了他加强君权、帝制,肃清内乱来重振国威的卫道美梦,小说《荡寇志》便展示了这一特定历史时期各种社会变革思潮下的社会历史文化心态。     

Description of rotational properties of the superheavy nucleus ^256,258,260Rf by projected shell model

Band structure of the Z = 104 nucleus 256Rf has been a recent research focus in nuclear physics. We performed projected shell model calculations for this and some other neighboring Rf isotopes. Specifically, we studied rotational properties of these nuclei and showed that variations in dynamic moment of inertia were sensitive to single-particle structures, which may be useful information for locating the anticipated island of stability. Electromagnetic transition properties were also calculated, and measurable quantities were predicted for further experimental test.     

垂直喷淋式MOCVD反应器中射流影响的研究

针对垂直喷淋式MOCVD反应器的射流现象进行数值模拟研究.通过改变反应腔高度、喷口间距、喷口速度、托盘转速等,对反应器内的流场、温度场、浓度场随上述参数的变化进行详细探讨,进一步探索MOCVD反应器中射流影响的规律.通过模拟发现:(1)在喷口下方的反应腔空间,射流速度、温度和浓度均存在周期性波动,此波动由衬底中心到衬底边缘逐渐衰减;(2)衬底中心处的垂直射流速度大于周边的速度,中心浓度高于边缘浓度,中心温度低于边缘温度;(3)增加反应腔高度,减小喷口间距,减小喷口速度、增加衬底转速,均有利于衬底上方轴向速度和反应前体浓度沿径向分布的平缓.     

DanHong Injection inhibits the development of primary abdominal aortic aneurysms in apoE knockout mice

Clinical observations indicate that DanHong Injection （DHI） can increase blood flow and reduce various syndromes in patients with cardiovascular disease. How- ever, it still needs to define the function of DHI and the involved mechanisms in details, such as the protective effect on the development of primary abdominal aortic aneurysms （AAAs）. In this study, we determined whether DHI is able to inhibit AAA in apoE knockout （apoE-/-） mice. Thirty apoE-/- male mice on high-fat diet （0.5 % cholesterol, 21% fat） were randomly divided into two groups and received i.p. injection of saline （100 μL/day） and DHI （100 μL/day）, respectively, for 16 weeks. At the end of experiment, we determined the development of atherosclerosis in en face aorta and aneurysms,pathological morphology of arterial wall, and serum lipid levels. We also determined the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA in aortic wall using real-time RT-PCR. Our results indicated that high-fat diet induced the development of AAAs in apoE-/- mice, but the induction was totally blocked by DHI （P 〈 0.01）. The result of staining of abdominal aortic cross sections showed that DHI main- tained the collagen content in arterial wall, thereby pre- venting the animals from the development of AAA. Although DHI had little effect on serum total- and LDL- cholesterol levels, it reduced the expression of MCP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA in aortic wall （P 〈 0.01）. Taken together, our study suggests that DHI can inhibit the high-fat diet-induced AAA formation. The inhibitory effects may be related to the maintenance of the collagen content and inhibition of expression of AAA-related genes. Our study may suggest a new application of DHI in clinics.     

(λ,μ)-模糊粗糙子群

本文根据(λ,μ)-模糊正规子群定义了新的同余关系,由此提出了(λ,μ)-模糊粗糙子群和(λ,μ)-模糊粗糙正规子群的概念,并研究了它们的性质.     

COD测定废液中Ag2S04的回收循环利用研究

目的研究COD测定废液中Ag2SO4的回收和利用，实现资源的循环利用，提高利用效率，节约实验成本，减少环境污染。方法以COD测定废液为研究对象，将Ag2SO4通过NaCl转化为AgCl沉淀，再用Zn粒在酸性介质中进行还原，使AgCl转化为银粉；所得银粉在少量HN03存在的条件下，用浓H2S04氧化，将其转化为Ag2SO4，重新用于COD测定实验。结果通过一系列实验研究表明，有70％的银可以得到回收，所得Ag2SO4再次用于COD测定实验，标准样品的COD测定误差在许可范围之内；实际污水中COD的测定实验结果表明，Ag2SO4循环使用的测定误差平均为7．4％。结论实验证明回收的Ag2SO4可以作为COD测定实验的催化剂循环使用，可操作性良好，在节约实验成本的基础上，对于环境保护、减少污染物排放量方面有显著效果。但是COD测定结果的偏差较大，重现性有待进一步改进提高。     

The influence of home environmental factors and life style on children＇s respiratory health in Xi＇an

To assess associations between home indoor air environments and asthma,allergies and pneumonia,children aged 1–8 years were surveyed from 12 kindergartens in the city of Xi’an.2,020 questionnaires were responded with a response rate of 83.5%.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma,hay fever,and pneumonia were 2.9%,3.6%,and 28.3%,respectively.Living close to a highway was a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.5,95%CI 1.2–1.8),eczema(AOR 1.7,95%CI 1.2–2.5),and diagnosed pneumonia(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.6).Dampness problems in the home were associated with 50%–130%increases in the prevalences of asthma and allergy.Airing bed linen under sun-shine was protective,especially against rhinitis.Pet avoidance was consistently and significantly associated with asthma and allergy(AOR 1.3–2.4).Decoration of the home during children’s early life is a risk factor for current rhinitis(AOR 1.9,95%CI 1.3–2.9)and eczema(AOR 1.9,95%CI1.1–3.6).Risk factors for pneumonia were living in an apartment(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.8),latex wall paint(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),dampness(AOR 1.4–1.5),breast feeding\3 months(AOR 1.3,95%CI 1.0–1.7),never airing bed linen in sunshine(AOR 1.3,95%CI1.3–1.6),and cleaning children’s room less frequently than once per day(AOR 1.4,95%CI 1.1–1.7).This study demonstrates that home indoor environmental and life style factors may influence the health of children in Xi’an.