基于Fisher信息距离的传感器管理方法

在进行面向跟踪的传感器管理方法研究时,传统的思路主要以跟踪精度为导向,但是在数据关联环节,改善或维持目标之间的区分度才是传感器资源分配的主要目的。需求的偏差导致不合理的传感器资源分配结果。依据信息几何理论,以流形中的Fisher信息距离来定义目标之间的区分度,然后直接依据目标之间的区分度制定传感器资源分配策略。关联仿真实验表明,该方法相较于传统的传感器管理方法,有效提高了目标之间的关联正确率。     

Energy efficient target tracking algorithm using cooperative sensors

Target tracking is one of the applications of wireless sensor networks(WSNs).It is assumed that each sensor has a limited range for detecting the presence of the object,and the network is sufficiently dense so that the sensors can cover the area of interest.Due to the limited battery resources of sensors,there is a tradeoff between the energy consumption and tracking accuracy.To solve this problem,this paper proposes an energy efficient tracking algorithm.Based on the cooperation of dispatchers,sensors in the area are scheduled to switch their working mode to track the target.Since energy consumed in active mode is higher than that in monitoring or sleeping mode,for each sampling interval,a minimum set of sensors is woken up based on the select mechanism.Meanwhile,other sensors keep in sleeping mode.Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a better performance than other existing approaches.     

基于Web的工业污水处理远程监控系统

针对工业污水处理过程的远程监控问题,提出一种基于Web的远程监控系统设计方案。在给出系统体系结构的基础上,应用VC++高级语言、ASP(Active Server Page)技术等设计了系统各功能模块,实现了工业污水处理远程监控功能。用户可以通过浏览器实现对工业现场数据进行动态数据访问、曲线显示、远程控制以及对历史数据进行统计查询等功能。     

数据融合中的残差建模分析与融合算法

多传感器数据融合系统中,传感器之间存在着难以精确建模的系统误差。即便经过校准,仍然会存在残差。残差的量级与随机观测噪声相当,不同的是,残差是一种随时间慢变的系统误差。目前文献中缺乏有效的残差分析建模手段,从而难以提高融合精度。针对上述问题,建立了残差的数学模型,进而提出了残差补偿航迹融合算法。算法将残差增广至目标状态向量,在状态估计的同时完成残差补偿。仿真结果表明,残差补偿算法极大地提高了目标状态估计的精度,显著改善了机动目标的跟踪性能。最后使用雷达实测数据对算法进行仿真,验证了算法可应用于实际工程系统。     

多跳筛选无线传感器网络决策融合

为了在保证传感器工作效果的同时控制系统能耗,在资源受限的无线传感器网络决策融合系统中同时引入传感器信息的多跳传输方式和筛选传输策略。在瑞利分布信道模型下,推导出该系统的最优融合规则。但该规则需要信道的实时状态信息,实用性差。为此提出基于信道统计分布信息的次优似然比融合规则,并给出了小信道信噪比情况下的简化形式。理论分析和仿真表明,次优规则性能损失较小,运算量更低,信息需要更少,符合资源受限系统的要求;同时使用筛选策略,降低了系统的传输能耗。     

多媒体传感器网络中服务感知的传输控制协议

多媒体传感器网络中同时存在端到端（end-to-end）的多媒体流和事件到汇聚点（event-to-sink）的事件流,这对多媒体传感器网络服务质量保证带来了新的挑战。针对多媒体传感器网络提出了一个基于二级反馈的QoS自适应保证方法,该方法以传输控制协议为核心,根据汇聚节点处数据包的接收率和网络拥塞状况将网络划分为10个运行状态,通过传输控制协议调整媒体流和事件流的发送率,完成网络向最优状态的迁移。一系列基于NS2的仿真试验证明了本方法的有效性。

Abstract：

There exist two kinds of streams in multimedia sensor networks：end-to-end stream and event-to-sink stream,this makes the guarantee of QoS multimedia transmission face a new set of challenges. A self-adaptive QoS guarantee scheme was proposed based on two-layer feedback for multimedia sensor networks. The kernel of this scheme is transport control protocol. The network is partitioned into 10 typical states by means of the data packet receive rate at sink node and network congestion status,thus the state transfers to the optimal one by adjusting the transmit rate of media stream and event stream. A series of simulation results are performed by NS2 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于协议同步水下传感器网络目标协同定位算法

为了解决水下目标的定位问题,讨论了一种基于水下传感器阵列网络的目标协同定位算法。该算法在实现水下节点同步的基础上,通过建立目标位置与距离差测量值的统计模型后依据最大似然准则完成目标定位。定位算法的实现采用分布-集中相结合的处理方法,在提高定位精度的同时大大节省了水下节点通信能耗。通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性和可行性,实验结果表明该方法具有较好的同步及目标定位精度。

Abstract：

A collaborative target location algorithm for underwater acoustic sensor networks （UASN） was proposed. The algorithm was achieved based on time synchronization for high transmitting delay for UASN. Target location was estimated by maximum-likelihood methods based on proposed statistical model which was established by the relation between target position and measured range difference. The proposed algorithm adopts the distributed-centralized computation methods,which degrade the transmitting energy comparing with traditional centralized methods. The result of simulation shows the application validity and the more location performance of the algorithm.     

天基光学监视系统空间目标定轨精度仿真分析

天基光学监视系统具有获取空间态势信息的优势,是进行空间目标监视与跟踪的重要发展方向。主要研究基于天基光学监视平台的空间目标的可见区域分析和轨道确改进定算法,仿真实现了天基监视系统对空间目标的定轨功能,分析了天基光学监视平台对高、中、低轨三类典型空间目标的定轨精度。通过仿真实验可以得出,由高低轨监视平台组成的联合监视系统提高对空间目标的轨道确定精度,其中低轨空间目标定轨精度误差约20米,中高轨空间目标定轨精度300米左右。

Abstract：

Space-based optical surveillance system has advantages accepting state information of space-objects, and is an important tendency in the realization of surveillance and tracking for resident space objects. The orbit determination theory for space objects and its cover region by space-based optical surveillance system were analyzed. The function for space objects was simulated. The accuracy of three kinds of space objects based on space-based optics surveillance system was studied. Simulation experiment shows the surveillance system which constitutes of high/low orbit surveillance platforms can improve the accuracy of space objects, and therein the orbit determination precision for low-orbit space objects reaches 20m, while that for high-orbit space objects about 300m.     

基于博弈论组网多机动目标协同跟踪技术研究

在卫星多目标跟踪的背景下,针对传感器网络的协同问题,首次建立了完整的基于移动动态联盟的多目标协同跟踪模型,并针对协同过程中的移动动态联盟形成问题,提出了基于博弈论的联盟形成算法。该协同模型在跟踪多目标时利用移动动态联盟来交换并协调节点间的信息,使节点的行为一致,具有分布式和自组织的特点。仿真实验验证了该协同模型应用在传感器网络多目标跟踪中的有效性。

Abstract：

As to the collaborative technique in sensor network,an integrated multi-target collaborative tracking model was constructed based on mobile dynamic coalition under the background of multi-satellite tracking.Then as to the mobile dynamic coalition formation,a coalition formation method was proposed based on game theory.Using mobile dynamic coalition,this collaborative model exchanged and coordinated the information of nodes to accord their action.So it is distributive and self-organizing.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of collaborative model in sensor network tracking multi-target.     

RLINK：一种真实的无线传感器网络链路仿真模型

在网络仿真中,链路模型的精确性对仿真结果的真实性有着重要影响。基于在无线传感器网络实验中观察到的链路的核心特殊性质——不等向连通性,提出了一个真实的链路仿真模型RLINK.通过对不等向连通性的三个因素进行分析建模,即由遮蔽效应引起的路径衰减的差异、节点硬件的校准差异和天线的方向性差异,该模型实现了无线传感器网络链路的精确模拟。以链路不对称性的累积分布和算数平均值为指标,对比实验和仿真中获得的有关链路特性的统计数据,两者的一致性验证了RLINK的精确性。

Abstract：

In network simulation,the accuracy of the link model has significant impacts on the credibility of the simulation results.Based on the core feature of links obtained from the recent empirical studies,a realistic link model,named RLINK,was proposed for a more credible simulation of wireless sensor networks （WSNs）.RLINK captured the essential non-isotropic feature of the wireless links in WSNs by modeling three main causes： variance of path loss due to shadowing effect,difference in hardware calibration and radio directionality.The accuracy of RLINK model was verified by the high agreement of the statistical results obtained from simulations with those obtained from experiments,in terms of cumulative distribution of link asymmetry and arithmetic average of link asymmetry.