淮河沉积物总磷和重金属沿程变化及污染评价

为了探究淮河沉积物中污染物的分布规律、来源及污染程度,于2014年7月沿淮河中下游设置16个采样断面,现场采样并检测沉积物中总磷(TP)质量比和重金属(As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn)的质量比,分析沉积物中污染物的沿程分布及来源并对污染状况进行评价。研究结果表明,淮河中下游沿程各城市下游断面沉积物中污染物平均含量比上游断面高;污染物来源分析表明,所有污染物均受到点源污染的影响,其中TP和Cu受到点源污染和面源污染的共同影响;单因子标准指数法对沉积物磷污染评价结果表明,淮河干流沉积物环境质量受磷的污染相对较轻;对重金属潜在生态危害程度分析表明,无论是单个重金属的生态危害程度还是综合生态危害程度都为轻微。     

铀矿排风井周边地表大气氡致辐射效应的数值模拟

为了指导铀矿排风井周边地表环境的辐射防护设计,基于放射性气态流出物大气扩散的高斯烟羽模型,建立了铀矿排风井周边地表年均氡浓度以及公众个人年有效剂量的数学计算模型,研究了排风井气态流出物初始氡浓度、排风风量和源强对排风井周边地表1 km范围内年均氡浓度以及公众个人年有效剂量分布的影响.结果表明,在其他参数不变的情况下,年均氡浓度和公众个人年有效剂量的最大值随气态流出物初始氡浓度的增加而增大,随排风风量的增加而减小;最大值离井口的距离和氡致辐射的影响范围随初始氡浓度的增加而增大,随排风风量的增加而减小;相同源强下,最大值随气态流出物的初始氡浓度增加而增大,随排风风量的增大而减小;最大值离井口的距离随排风风量的增加而增大.最后,根据所得结论提出铀矿排风井周边的辐射防护建议.     

热网络法预测车内温度的理论和实验研究

为对车内温度水平进行预测,采用热网络法对车辆停车和行驶状态下的车内温度进行计算。太阳辐射是影响车内温度水平的主要因素,而热网络法通过建立和求解节点热平衡方程,获得各节点的温度,尤其适用于以辐射为主的换热问题。车内外的对流换热采用实验关联式进行计算。由热网络法建立的节点热平衡方程组为非线性方程组,采用牛顿迭代法进行了求解。计算结果与实测温度值的比较显示,两者吻合较好,表明热网络法用于车内温度预测的有效性。另外,计算结果也显示车窗玻璃的透射率对车内温度有明显影响,在考虑安全的前提下,选取合适透射率的车窗玻璃材料可起到减少车辆能耗的作用。     

跨境电商人才校企协同育人模式探析

针对跨境电商飞速发展导致人才缺口持续加大的问题,提出跨境电商人才需要具备外语交流、外贸实务、网络技术、国际物流和跨文化沟通等五个方面的素质,认为校企协同育人应是跨境电商人才培养的首选模式。构建了校企合作指导跨境电商实习、依托企业以赛促练、学生代理企业产品和共建跨境电商人才培养的课程体系。     

武陵山区典型县域气温变化特征分析——以重庆市酉阳县为例

基于1955-2016年连续性订正的气温数据,运用线性倾向估计、滑动平均等趋势分析方法,Mann-Kendall、累积距平突变检验方法,Morlet小波分析及R/S分析对酉阳县近60年的气温指标进行了研究,揭示该地区气候变化趋势、特征并进行预测及原因探析.研究显示:酉阳县气温在过去近60年里呈微弱上升趋势,升温率高于IPCC第五次报告中的近130年变暖率,为每10年上升0.13℃,并且在21世纪初期发生了增温突变;四季气温中,冬季各气温要素升高对年均温上升贡献最大,最低值为每10年上升0.171℃;酉阳县年均温演变过程中存在3类时间尺度的周期变化规律,各气温要素基本都存在6~9年的较强震荡周期,平均气温短期预测处于偏暖期;R/S分析表明年均气温Hurst指数为0.88,预示着酉阳县未来气温走势会持续升高.     

Improved dehydriding property of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated Mg-Ni hydrogen storage nano-composite prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis and wet mechanical milling

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) coated Mg_(95)Ni_5 nano-composites were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis(HCS) plus wet mechanical milling(WM) with tetrahydrofuran(THF) and donated as WM-x wt% PVP(x = 1, 3, 5 and 7) respectively. The phase compositions, microstructures and dehydriding property, as well as the co-effect of PVP and THF were investigated in detail. XRD results showed that the average crystal size of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 23 nm without PVP to 18 nm with 1 wt% PVP. The peak temperature of dehydrogenation of MgH_2 in the milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 decreased from 293.0 ℃ without THF to 250.4 ℃ with THF. The apparent activation energy for decomposition of MgH_2 in WM-7 wt% PVP was estimated to be 66.94 kJ/mol, which is 37.70 kJ/mol lower than that of milled Mg_(95)Ni_5 without THF and PVP. PVP and THF can facilitate the refinement of particle size during mechanical milling process. Attributed to small particle sizes and synergistic effect of PVP and THF, the composites exhibit markedly improved dehydriding properties.     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

Mechanical characterization and strain-rate sensitivity measurement of Ti- 7333 alloy based on nanoindentation and crystal plasticity modeling

The relationship between crystal orientations and meso-mechanical properties of β phase Ti-7333 titanium was investigated through the combination of nanoindentation experiments and simulation. The crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE) model for nanoindentation of single body-centered cubic crystal was established based on the experimental data. And the crystal plasticity constitutive law was implemented to simulate the nanoindentation process, obtaining satisfied results with an acceptable error. From the simulated pileup morphology patterns with different crystal orientations, it was found that the β phase experienced a symmetrical and orientation-related deformation process. Meanwhile, the strain-rate sensitivity(SRS) of β phase was investigated through nanoindentation tests based on continuous stiffness measurement(CSM) under different strain rates,varying between 0.2, 0.05 and 0.01 s~(-1). Two grains with different orientations exhibited similar SRS exponents,m, calculated from the experimental results.     

前置反射器比色高温计的研究

研究了一种改进的比色高温计测量表面温度,测量范围为600~1200℃.将半球型镀金反射器置于比色高温计上,利用多次反射效应,可缩小两个接收波长的有效发射率之间的差异,从而减小比色高温计误差.研究了反射器对焦情况下的辐射特性,推导出有效发射率的表达式.为避免反射器对被测面温度场的破坏,设计了一套快速测量装置,每次测量需时0.7s.为验证其准确性,制作了平片热电偶,直接测量平片热电偶的表面温度.结果显示,与平片热电偶相比,测量误差小于1.1℃.     

块体金属玻璃微磨削加工的温度场仿真

建立单颗磨粒微磨削的正交切削模型和玻璃金属的本构关系方程,采用有限元工艺仿真系统对块体金属玻璃进行微磨削加工的温度场仿真,从而得到块体金属玻璃在微磨削过程中的温度以及温度变化趋势,进而观察其磨削温度是否达到块体金属玻璃的玻璃转变温度.因此,对玻璃金属磨削加工过程的温度仿真可以有效预测非晶表面是否有晶化现象的发生.改变微磨削加工参数,对块体金属玻璃的各个磨削区的温度变化趋势进行观察.通过仿真实验发现,块体金属玻璃的最高磨削温度发生在磨粒前刀面与磨屑接触的区域,即第二变形区.