籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴DNA插入缺失差异片段揭示的水稻籼-粳分化

碱基的插入/缺失(InDel)引起DNA序列变化并形成了DNA片段长度多态,可以用作遗传标记.为了评价基于籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴全基因组序列比对获得的差异片段而设计的InDel引物在鉴定籼稻和粳稻两种生态型以及研究稻属不同物种之间亲缘关系的意义,采用45对InDel引物,对来自亚洲10个国家的49份籼稻、43份粳稻品种和24份野生稻进行了检验.结果表明,其中41对InDel引物鉴定籼稻或粳稻品种的准确率高于80%.主成分分析散点图显示:籼稻与粳稻存在明显的遗传分化;含AA基因组的野生稻物种与籼稻品种存在较近的亲缘关系;非AA基因组的野生稻物种不存在明显的籼-粳分化.并且证明了基于籼稻93-11和粳稻日本晴全基因组序列比对获得的InDel差异片段设计的引物可以用于栽培稻籼稻和粳稻品种的鉴定以及籼-粳分化问题的研究,及探索稻属不同物种间的亲缘关系.     

温度和湿度对P-CNT自感知混凝土压敏性的影响

为研究温度与湿度对自感知混凝土(SSC)感知性能的影响,通过低温等离子体改性处理技术对碳纳米管(CNT)进行官能团嫁接,使其在水性体系下获得较好的分散性,并将改性后的CNT(P-CNT)加入混凝土中制备P-CNT/SSC传感器,通过改变含水率与温度条件研究P-CNT/SSC传感器的极化效应与循环加载下的自感知性能。试验结果表明:过高或过低的含水率均不利于SSC的感知性能,其中变化最为明显的是饱水状态下的P-CNT/SSC传感器,其应力敏感系数下降89.8%,并且压敏曲线极不稳定;在变温试验中,P-CNT/SSC传感器的电阻率与温度之间呈现负相关性,高温和低温下的应力敏感系数相较于常温组试件,分别下降了约35.66%和44.53%,并且压敏曲线整体出现了上移或下滑的趋势;P-CNT/SSC传感器在工程应用中的最佳测试环境为常温、自然含水率。     

土地整理中的水稻需水量与灌溉定额 --以湖北省武穴市魏高邑项目区为例

在彭曼法推算水稻需水量的基础上,结合武穴市的气象、地形条件,用“浅、蓄、湿、晒”灌溉技术计算一定设计保证率的水稻灌溉定额.将该法用于武穴市魏高邑项目区土地整理中,有很高的实用价值,计算精度也较高.     

男子110 m栏运动员身体素质敏感指标模型与成绩预测

在2004年全国田径大奖赛(南宁站、桂林站、石家庄站、北京站、合肥站)期间,对我国高水平男子110 m栏运动队的教练员、运动员进行问卷调查、访谈,并采用训练实地测试等方法,收集整理了有关男子110 m栏运动员专项身体素质的指标数据,通过数理统计分析,找出了影响我国男子110 m栏优秀运动员成绩的主要身体素质指标,并运用逐步回归的方法对7项身体素质指标进行筛选,建立了运动员身体素质敏感指标专项成绩预测模型.     

水稻钵苗对辊式拔秧机构

针对我国水稻钵苗移栽技术对栽植机械的要求,在分析现有机型特点的基础上,提出了用于水稻钵苗拔秧的对辊式拔秧机构的设计方案,并介绍了该机构工作原理;通过拔秧机构的运动和拔秧过程分析,确定了拔秧机构工作参数的选取原则和取值范围,完成了对辊式拔秧机构的设计、试制及试验．试验结果表明,采用对辊式拔秧机构实现了水稻钵苗的自动输秧和拔秧,具有结构简单、秧苗损伤小、工作可靠等优点,为水稻钵苗有序成行栽植机械的设计奠定了基础．     

Use of space by the marsupials Gracilinanus microtarsus (Gardner and Creighton, 1989) and Marmosops incanus (Lund, 1840) in an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

The use of space by animals is determined by environmental conditions, biological and ecological adaptations and interactions and mostly by resource availability. We sampled two species of Neotropical mammals to investigate their use of different strata in Atlantic Forest habitat in Brazil, as well as the home range sizes and movements of both sexes of each species. We found no difference in home ranges and movements between the sexes and species, but we found differences in the use of strata, with Gracilinanus microtarsus mostly using the canopy and Marmosops incanus using the ground. Gracilinanus microtarsus males mostly use the understorey in the wet season and the canopy in the dry season. We believe that these patterns of strata use reflect intrinsic characteristics of the species; and the shifts in resources and interspecific competition, which are lower in the dry season, seem to be responsible for the shifts in space use observed for G. microtarsus males. We recommend studies with spool-and-line techniques or radio tracking to further test refined hypotheses regarding the use of space, including the role of territoriality in females.     

Taxonomic notes on the Asian frogs of the tribe Paini (Ranidae,Dicroglossinae): 1. Morphology and synonymy of Chaparana aenea (Smith, 1922), with proposal of a new statistical method for testing homogeneity of small samples

The species from northern Vietnam described as Rana fansipani Bourret, is shown to be a synonym of the species from northern Thailand described as Rana aenea Smith, . The male secondary sex characters of this species are described in detail for the first time. Combined with a few other characters, they allow this species to be distinguished from the closely related Rana unculuanus Liu, Hu and Yang, 1960 from southern China. Both species should be placed in a subgenus Chaparana (Chaparana), a member of the tribe Paini of the subfamily Dicroglossinae of the Ranidae. In this study, we propose a new statistical method for testing homogeneity of small samples: this consists of considering the values obtained for each specimen and for each regression factor score as morphometric characteristics of this specimen within the frame of this analysis; these values, or some of them, can be used to compare subgroups of specimens by non‐parametric tests such as the Mann–Whitney U test.     

Indirect and direct acoustic aggression in cicadas: first observations in the Palaearctic genus Tibicina Amyot (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Tibicina Amyot is a cicada genus of the Palaearctic biogeographical region with seven taxa (species and subspecies) distributed in France. As in other cicadas, the sound production by tymbal vibration is restricted to males. In Tibicina, males are attracted by conspecific calling songs and tend to form groups of several individuals which maintain a minimal distance between each other. Observations based upon male–male interactions in such aggregations and on some preliminary experiments conducted with males kept in captivity revealed for the first time both indirect and direct aggression. Spacing and chorusing are interpreted as a by-product of indirect aggression mediated through the calling song. Direct aggression occurred when spacing is not respected. It is achieved through a ritualistic sequence that involves mainly the production of the rivalry song, an acoustic signal previously reported in the literature for two cicada species only. In addition, satellite males and male–male courting are reported. These preliminary results suggest that the sound social organization in the genus Tibicina is more elaborate than first suspected and should be reconsidered in terms of lek behaviour and sexual selection.     

有机-矿质复合材料控释尿素在水稻上的应用效果

试验采用15N示踪的方法,在盆栽水稻上测试了3种新研制的控释尿素(控1、控2、控3)的应用效果。施用3种控释尿素的处理与施普通尿素相比,水稻的氮肥利用率分别增加了3 64、19 92和10 53个百分点,产量分别增加了34 59、18 56和8 66个百分点,控2处理的效果最好。图3,表2,参6。