用废旧电路板酸浸-电沉积法回收金属铜

为了既保障环保又达到最佳铜回收效果的目的,以废旧电路板经过初步破碎分离,得到铜金属富集产品为研究对象,采用硫酸-双氧水浸出结合电沉积工艺回收物料中的铜。考察了铜浸出率与硫酸质量浓度、双氧水用量、浸出时间、液固比之间的关系,进行最佳金属浸出条件实验。结果表明：硫酸物质的量浓度为3.5 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、双氧水用量为20 mL、液固比10∶1条件下,铜金属浸出率最高可达到97.58%。电沉积尾液循环用以浸出铜,铜离子循环质量浓度不低于18 g/L,平均电流效率高于97.60%。在沉积温度40℃,阴极材料为T2紫铜,电流密度小于800 A/m2时,电流效率可以保持在97%以上。实验中铜回收率达到了97.58%。     

某火山岩型铀矿石微波预处理搅拌浸出实验研究

选用富含铁的火山岩型铀矿石,对其进行微波预处理,然后,在常温常压下进行搅拌浸出.考察微波预处理浸出铀的效果,并比较微波预处理前后矿物粒度、硫酸浓度、液固比、搅拌时间对浸出率的影响.结果表明:微波预处理后,硫酸的消耗量未增加,浸出所需时间缩短,矿物粒度较大时仍能获得相对较好的浸出率;与对照组相比,铀浸出率有所提高,微波预处理该铀矿石可行.微波预处理后,该铀矿石最佳的浸出工艺条件为矿物粒度-150μm、硫酸浓度20 g/L、液固比3L/kg、搅拌时间9 h.     

表面活性剂MES协同硫酸对含铀废渣中铀的浸出动力学

表面活性剂MES能促进硫酸对铀的浸出,利于铀资源的回收利用。为了进一步探索表面活性剂MES促进铀浸出的机理,基于液-固多相反应的收缩核模型,通过静态实验研究了表面活性剂协助硫酸对铀废渣中铀浸出的动力学特征。研究结果表明添加MES表观反应速率常数比没有添加的大一个数量级,其中,添加MES的反应速率常数在1.235×10~(-6)~2.726×10~(-6)之间,而没有添加MES的在6.789×10~(-7)~9.55×10~(-7)之间,其表观活化能,添加MES的为29.523 k J/mol,不添加的为12.493 k J/mol,在25~45℃的温度范围内,硫酸对铀的浸出主要受液膜扩散控制。     

高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣碱回收

针对高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣进行了脱碱工艺研究,考察了［n(C)/n(S)］(CaO与SiO₂物质的量比)、反应温度、反应时间、液固比及体系碱浓度等对脱碱的影响,同时考察了脱碱过程对氧化铝溶出率的影响.结果表明:添加石灰的方式可以实现高铝粉煤灰拜耳法溶出渣中氧化钠的脱除,并回收部分氧化铝;反应温度对氧化钠和氧化铝回收率均造成显著影响,而［n(C)/n(S)］仅对氧化钠的溶出率影响较大;在温度260℃、氧化钠质量浓度小于80g/L、液固比4、［n(C)/n(S)］为1.8、反应时间2h条件下,脱碱率为91.2%,氧化铝回收率为28.0%;拜耳渣脱碱过程物相由水合铝硅酸钠向水化石榴石及铁水化石榴石转变.     

三氯化铁浸出硫化铅精矿炼铅新工艺

应用正交试验及对其结果的方差分析法，对三氯化铁浸出硫化铅精矿进行了研究，找出了影响浸出率的主要因素和浸出最佳工艺条件。同时，用浸出产物氯化铅进行了熔融盐电解冶炼金属铅的研究，试验证明浸出－熔融盐电解炼新工艺是可行的。     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

单一及复合环境友好型淋洗剂修复铅污染土壤

为了探索一种针对重金属铅(Pb)的高效环境友好型淋洗剂,采用水平实验法探究了乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMPA)、聚酰胺酸(PAA)、鼠李糖脂三种淋洗剂对Pb污染土壤的淋洗特征,使用响应面法对EDTMPA和PAA进行了淋洗参数优化.首次将这两种螯合剂EDTMPA,PAA与表面活性剂鼠李糖脂复合淋洗.结果表明,单独淋洗时,EDTMPA的效果最佳,最佳淋洗参数为质量分数2.3%,pH 5.7,淋洗时间167 min,对Pb的去除率为57.6%.鼠李糖脂复合EDTMPA对Pb的最大去除率为70.9%,比EDTMPA单独淋洗提高了12%;鼠李糖脂复合PAA的最大去除率为63.3%,比PAA单独淋洗提高了16%.鼠李糖脂复合EDTMPA是一种高效且环境友好型淋洗剂.     

双氧水还原浸出非洲氧化铜钴矿的试验研究

采用双氧水还原浸出非洲氧化铜钴矿,研究了还原剂用量、初始酸浓度、液固比、浸出温度和浸出时间等参数对浸出过程的影响。结果表明：使用双氧水与铜钴矿计量比为0.2 mL/g、浓硫酸与铜钴矿质量比为0.46、液固比为5：1（mL/g）,在温度75℃下浸出2 h,钴、铜的浸出率分别达到了99.50%,99.42%。     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

含铬污泥中铬、铁分离研究

采用硫酸浸出了含铬废水处理污泥，采用磷酸萃取剂分离溶液中的铁，考察了主要的工艺条件。实验结果表明：硫酸溶液可用来浸出含铬污泥，固液比l：20，温度50℃的条件下获得最佳浸出效果，铬浸出率接近100％。磷酸萃取剂可以用来萃取分离铁，适宜的浸出液pH值为1．5左右。在反应时间12h、有机相与水相比为2：l、萃取剂占有机相比例为40％的条件下，可获得最佳分离效果。