Impulse propagation from the SA-node to the ventricles

Summary Normally the pacemaker of the mammalian heart is located in the sinus node. In the rabbit the sinus node can be subdivided into two regions, the center of the node where the impulse originates and the border zone through which the impulse is conducted towards the atrium. Conduction properties of both regions were investigated. It appeared that conduction velocity increases and refractoriness decreases when one goes from the nodal center towards the atrium. The tissue mass of the atrium is large in comparison to the sinus node and normally the resting membrane potential of atrial fibers is more negative than that of nodal fibers; consequently, a potential difference exists causing a current flow between both areas. Evidently this hyperpolarizing current flow depresses impulse formation in the border zone fibers which have better intrinsic pacemaker properties than fibers in the nodal center. If the impulse has reached the atrium it is conducted with a relatively high safety factor and will reach the AV node in principle without difficulty. The AV node, if deprived of sinus nodal dominance, develops spontaneous activity originating from the lower nodal fibers. Also in this structure, electrotonic depression by surrounding tissue causes deceleration of the pacemaker.     

A simple diagnostic method for the differentiation of Tamm-Horsfall glycoproteins from healthy probands and those from recurrent calcium oxalate renal stone formers

Tamm-Horsfall glycoproteins (THPs)^* from healthy probands, and those from a majority of recurrent calcium oxalate renal stone formers, reveal different properties when analyzed using isoelectric focusing. The pl-values of THPs from healthy probands are approximately 3.5 while THPs from recurrent renal stone formers have pl-values between 4.5 and 6. The two groups of THPs exhibit completely different protein patterns in IEF. This proves the structural difference of these THPs. The differences in IEF analysis allow the differentiation between THPs from healthy probands and those from recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers. These differences could possibly by used as a simple diagnostic method for the recognition of recurrent calcium oxalate renal stone formers.     

西藏拉萨达孜侏罗统叶巴组火山角砾凝灰岩中波痕的发现及意义

文章分析了西藏拉萨达孜侏罗统叶巴组火山角砾凝灰岩的地质背景、波痕及寄主地层特征。结果显示,西藏拉萨达孜叶巴组为一套中酸性火山岩及火山碎屑岩为主的岩石组合,其地球化学特征证实为岛弧环境,其中段火山角砾凝灰岩中发现波痕,波长介于165-235cm,波高约20-30cm,为具宽阔的不对称浪成波痕,其古流向为SSE,形成于滨岸地带。     

海瑞行政人格的成因探析

在行政人格上,海瑞是一位颇具争议性的历史人物,赞扬者说他清廉刚正,勤政爱民,批评者说他古怪刻板,苛以待人。促成海瑞形成这种行政人格的原因是多方面的,本文认为主要包括家庭教育、儒学熏陶、士风催化及个人追求四种因素。     

双河油田VII油组油层的灰色关联评价

本文将双河油田Ⅶ油组油层视为-个灰色系统,以各油层的评价参数构造-个标准的最佳油层。由灰色关联分析方法计算各油层与最佳油层间的关联度,根据关联度的大小对各油层进行分类评价。评价结果与实际情况吻合甚好。     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床的同位素地球化学特征

东风山金矿体赋存在含铁层之下的东风山群角岩层中。赋矿层位中富含磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、锰铝榴石和锰铁闪石。通过对该矿床的硫、氧、碳和铅同位素研究,表明硫化物中的硫和地层铅主要来自深源,其次地层中的含硫有机物被生物分解形成的硫也产生一定影响。东风山群形成于早元古代。东风山金矿属高温热接触变质的同生床。     

铝阳极极化特性研究

分别测量了在阻挡型和多孔型电解质溶液中,铝阳极的恒电压和恒电流极化曲线.根据铝阳极极化曲线的特点,讨论铝在阳极氧化过程中有关阻挡层的形成、部分溶解,以及转化为多孔层等过程与极化电压和电流的关系.提出了在低极化电压或电流下,孔胚按“慢少成孔”机理在高极化电压或电流下按“快多成孔”机理的观点.     

大庆油田葡萄花油层有效厚度的确定

依据单井有效厚度下限的前提,考虑到大庆油田葡萄花油层储层发育的因素,对葡萄花油层的单井、单层有效厚度下限进行了探讨.对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层,单井有效厚度下限分别为1.0 m、1.2 m和1.8 m.在单井有效厚度小于1.0 m的情况下,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层的单层有效厚度下限为0.5 m和0.6 m.从而为经济有效地开发葡萄花油层提供有利的保证.     

H~ 和SO_4~(2-)离子对PbO_2电极上ClO_4~-阳极形成过程的影响

用分解极化曲线法研究了Ｈ＋和ＳＯ２－４离子对ＰｂＯ２电极上Ｏ２和ＣｌＯ－４阳极形成过程的影响．分解得到的稳态极化曲线φ～ｌｇｉＣｌＯ－４和φ～ｌｇｉＯ２上均有一电位突跃;在２５℃下前一突跃发生在１．９～２．０Ｖ;后一突跃发生在２．０５～２．１５Ｖ左右．两者在突跃区前后的Ｔａｆｅｌ斜率均接近于２．３０３ＲＴ／βＦ（其中β约为０．５１～０．５４）．在突跃前当［Ｈ＋］减小时,使ＣｌＯ－４形成或氧的析出过程均加速,同时使开始发生电位突跃的电流密度（ｃ．ｄ．）向高ｃ．ｄ．方向推移．在高氯酸溶液中当［Ｈ＋］增加时,对Ｏ２析出过程几乎没有影响,但对突跃后的ＣｌＯ－４阳极形成具有加速作用．ＳＯ２－４对ＣｌＯ－４形成和Ｏ２的析出均有阻滞作用,但对前者的阻滞作用要大于对后者的阻滞作用,因而使ＣｌＯ－４的电流效率下降     

黄河断流的成因分析

利用２０ 多年的资料,在分析黄河断流发生的频次、历时、河长等现状特点的基础上,从自然地理因素和人类活动因素两个方面综合探讨了黄河断流发生的原因．结果表明：黄河断流是黄河流域人地关系严重失调的综合反映,自然地理因素造成的水量不足是引起黄河断流的客观原因;人类活动的影响,尤其是人类不合理利用黄河水超过了水资源承载能力是引起黄河断流的直接原因