寄生植物锁阳种子萌发抑制物质的研究

锁阳种子休眠的重要原因之一，就是其种子内存在抑制萌发物质，根据种子萌发试验和对春种子休眠物质进行提取，分离纯化，ＴＬＣ及ＨＰＬＣ分析结果，确认该抑制物存在于种皮中，并鉴定为脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）。     

Juvenile hormone catabolism inManduca sexta: Homologue selectivity of catabolism and identification of a diol-phosphate conjugate as a major end product

We studied time-dependent metabolism of (10R)-[³H] juvenile hormone (JH) III and (10R, 11S)-[³H]JH I injected intoManduca sexta larvae; the hormones are metabolized to polar metabolites, expecially the JH acid-diol, and an unknown. Products were analyzed using a reversed-phase liquid chromatography assay. (10R)-JH III is metabolized much more rapidly than (10R, 11S)-[³H]JH I, whether injected seperately or as a mixture of hormones. The unknown metabolites of JH I and JH III were identified as phosphate conjugates of JH I and JH III diol by tandem mass spectral analysis of isolated samples. The phosphate conjugate of JH I diol is the principle end product of JH I metabolism.     

无乙肝症状的“健康人群”中前S_2蛋白及抗前S_2的血清学调查

采用国产单克隆抗体酶标试剂盒(McAb—ELISA)对广东某地区无乙肝症状的298人作了血清前S_2蛋白及抗前S_2检测,同时检测各项乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志(HBVM)及肝功能。全部检测对象肝功能正常。前S_2阳性率7.72％。抗前S_2阳性率5.70％。前者与HBsAg及其它乙肝病毒复制标志(HBcAg、PHSA-R、HBcAg、抗-HBcIgM及HBVDNA)有平行关系,后者则与抗HBs有平行关系。结果提示前S_2可作为一项敏感的HBV复制及传染性的指标,抗前S_2是一项乙肝感染的恢复标志,二者有重要的流行病学与临床意义,检测证实人群中存在相当数量的HBV携带者和隐性感染者。     

大籽蒿水浸提液对羊草种子萌发的影响

本项研究用大籽蒿不同器官及其不同浓度的水浸提液进行羊草种子萌发实验,测定羊草种子活力指数,比较不同培养方法对羊草种子活力指数的影响,实验结果表明:1)大籽篙不同器官水浸提液对羊草种子萌发和幼苗初期生长有不同程度的影响,作用大小的顺序是:大籽蒿的花>营养体>根>幼苗;2)大籽蒿水浸提液的浓度直接影响着羊草种子活力指数,表现为在低浓度时提高羊草种子活力指数;随着浓度的增加,羊草种子活力指数逐渐降低。在无芒雀麦种子萌发过程中,无论浓度高低都对其有强烈的抑制作用;3)用不同方法进行羊草种子萌发实验表明:在不同条件下,羊草种子活力指数表现差异显著,其中土壤中萌发的羊草种子活力指数极显著的高于水中萌发的;垂直萌发的和培养皿萌发的差异也极显著。     

新型玉米浸种剂AFC的增产效果研究

采用医用西药组配的适应于低水肥玉米区的新型玉米浸种剂AFC处理沈单7号玉米,可以明显提高叶片叶绿素含量、光合强度、过氧化氢酶活性及百苗干重;植株生长健壮,茎粗加粗,收获期绿叶面积增大,果穗萎蔫下垂百分率降低;促进了果穗和籽粒发育,提高了籽粒产量。     

蛋白质在逆胶束中增溶的分子热力学模型

为建立文题所述模型,以微乳液的稳定性理论为基础,综合分析了表面活性剂分子在油-水界面上的缔合作用、界面膜弯曲时产生的附加能量、各种类型的混合熵以及表面活性剂分子和蛋白质分子的静电作用。所得模型正确地反映了含蛋白质的逆胶束系统稳定的原因,较好地描述了蛋白质转移后胶束大小的变化以及蛋白质转移率随电解质浓度变化的特殊的实验规律。     

水合——脱水处理对小麦种子活力的影响

以小麦种子(新春2号、春21—8、春86—6)为材料,进行水合——脱水处理。结果显示,处理后的种子活力较对照有较大提高,发芽势显著增强,发芽指数和活力指数大大提高,琥珀酸脱氢酶和过氧化物酶活性增加。浸泡液电导率的降低,游离脯氨酸和还原糖含量的增加,表明水合——脱水处理有利于种子细胞膜系统的修复与稳定。结果还显示,以两次水合5h,含水量28％～33％的效果最好。     

混合发酵提高玉米粉的蛋白质含量

用2g玉米粉在250mL的三角瓶中与40mLNa_2HPO_4/KH_2PO_4缓冲液(1/15mol/L,pH6.81,含(NH_4)_2SO_41％)混合,然后接种枯草杆菌和热带假丝酵母,发酵基质置于摇床中30℃,120r/min培养72h,蛋白质含量由7.56％增长到28.47％(干基重,P<0.005)。     

Interaction of volkensin with HeLa cells: binding,uptake, intracellular localization,degradation and exocytosis

Among two-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), volkensin is the most toxic to cells and animals, and is retrogradely axonally transported in the rat central nervous system, being an effective suicide transport agent. Here we studied the binding, endocytosis, intracellular routeing, degradation and exocytosis of this RIP. The interaction of volkensin with HeLa cells was compared to that of nigrin b, as an example of a type 2 RIP with low toxicity, and of ricin, as a reference toxin. Nigrin b and volkensin bound to cells with comparable affinity (approx. 10^-10 M) and had a similar number of binding sites (2 × 105/cell), two-log lower than that reported for ricin. The cellular uptake of volkensin was lower than that reported for nigrin b and ricin. Confocal microscopy showed the rapid localization of volkensin in the Golgi stacks with a perinuclear localization similar to that of ricin, while nigrin b was distributed between cytoplasmic dots and the Golgi compartment. Consistently, brefeldin A, which disrupts the Golgi apparatus, protected cells from the inhibition of protein synthesis by volkensin or ricin, whereas it was ineffective in the case of nigrin b. Of the cell-released RIPs, 57% of volkensin and only 5% of ricin were active, whilst exocytosed nigrin b was totally inactive. Despite the low binding to, and uptake by, cells, the high cytotoxicity of volkensin may depend on (i) routeing to the Golgi apparatus, (ii) the low level of degradation, (iii) rapid recycling and (iv) the high percentage of active toxin remaining after exocytosis.Received 21 April 2004; received after revision 26 May 2004; accepted 9 June 2004     

Antifungal proteins: targets,mechanisms and prospective applications

All organisms have evolved several defence systems in order to protect themselves against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Higher organisms have developed a complex network of humoral and cellular responses, called adaptive immunity. A second defence system, innate immunity, was discovered in the early 1980s, consisting of small cationic peptides with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. These proteins act immediately at sites of infection or inflammation. The production of proteins with antimicrobial activity was not limited to higher organisms but was also found in insects, plants and microorganisms. During the last 2decades a broad range of proteins with very different structural features have been isolated and characterised from differing organisms ranging from bacteria to human beings. Over 500cationic membrane-acting proteins with antimicrobial and antifungal activities have been identified to date. Apart from these proteins, a very large number of antifungal proteins active on the fungal cell wall, on enzymes of the cell wall synthesis machinery, the plasma membrane and on intracellular targets have been characterised.Received 17 June 2003; received after revision 4 August 2003; accepted 18 August 2003