火山灰沉积地区钻孔泥浆性能试验

水敏性火山灰沉积岩具有很强的吸水性和膨胀性,遇水后迅速软化崩解,钻孔施工时使用普通泥浆很难成孔。通过分析泥浆护壁性状,认为减少失水量和泥皮厚度是在水敏性土中成孔和提高桩侧摩擦阻力的关键。选取羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和纯碱(Na2CO3)作为减小失水量的添加剂,通过正交试验确定泥浆的最佳质量配比为:淡水∶膨润土∶CMC∶纯碱=100∶8∶0.1∶0.04。试验结果表明:膨润土质量分数越大,泥皮越厚,护壁效果越好,对桩侧摩擦阻力的消弱越大;CMC和纯碱对减少失水量和泥皮厚度效果明显;海水入浸会增加泥浆的失水量,造成泥浆恶化;铬铁木质素磺酸钠盐(FCL)对因海水入浸而恶化的泥浆改善效果不明显。     

子洲地区山西组及盒8段有利砂体成因探讨

目的为了查明鄂尔多斯盆地东部子洲地区山西组及盒8段有利砂体的特征及成因,进而寻找有利砂体及高产天然气聚集区。方法采用野外观察与室内研究相结合的方法。结果大量的砂岩样品统计显示,山西组砂岩类型以岩屑砂岩、石英砂岩为主,其次为岩屑石英砂岩,盒8段砂岩主要为岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩;不同类型的砂岩物性不同,石英砂岩物性最好,其次是岩屑石英砂岩,岩屑砂岩物性最差;沉积相分析认为,子洲地区山西组主要为三角洲前缘,盒8段发育辫状河三角洲前缘,探明了重点气层组山23及盒82沉积微相的平面展布。结论有利的天然气储集体主要形成于水下分流河道微相,由于山西组和盒8段形成时古地理条件的不同,其砂体类型及储集性能也有一定的差异。     

Numerical simulation on the evolution of sediment waves caused by turbidity currents

Interest in the forming mechanism of sediment waves increases recently because of its significance on submarine engineering, sedimentary dynamics and hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in deep water. In this paper, the time-averaged continuity equations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are applied in the numerical simulation of fluid dynamics. The modeling results are used to illuminate the effects of topography on turbidity current and explore the origin of submarine sediment waves. The research results show that (1) deposition occurs firstly at the lower ramp due to the deceleration of fluid, increase of density, loss of flow capacity and longer duration of flow passage; (2) density increase at the upslope due to the local jam results in velocity decrease and pressure increase; (3) sediment waves begin to be formed and migrated toward upstream in an area far away from the source with in- crease of the turbidity events; (4) deposition becomes more slowly with decrease of grain sizes, but the shape and sequences of these deposits are controlled by topography, not grain size.     

西藏江孜县沙拉岗锑（金）矿区重力流沉积特征

对西藏江孜县沙拉岗锑 (金 )矿区的沉积相进行了划分 ,并重点阐述了颇具特色的各种重力流沉积 (滑动沉积、碎屑流沉积、浊流沉积 ) ,为分析研究锑 (金 )成矿作用提供了丰富的基础资料。     

柴达木盆地北缘第三系沉积体系演化模式

基于柴达木盆地北缘第三系的地质背景和构造演化,结合野外露头、岩心、测井解释和地震相特征,研究了沉积相的纵横分布特征并建立了柴北缘第三系沉积体系演化模式。结果表明:盆地边缘的马北、马西和平台地区一带主要以冲积扇和辫状河沉积为主,靠近湖盆中心的南八仙、冷湖Ⅵ号和Ⅶ号、鄂博梁等地区主要发育辫状河三角洲平原或前缘相带。路乐河组(E1+2)冲积扇较为发育,辫状河相对发育;下干柴沟组(E3)主要发育辫状河和辫状河三角洲沉积,下干柴沟组下段(E13)到下干柴沟组上段(E23)是一个辫状河向辫状河三角洲演化的水进沉积序列;上干柴沟组(N1)和油砂山组(N2)发生进一步湖侵,湖盆扩张,为辫状河三角洲前缘与滨浅湖的交互沉积。在此基础上,建立了柴北缘古近纪—新近纪从物源区向盆地中心发育的冲积扇—辫状河—辫状河三角洲—湖泊沉积体系模式,并探讨了沉积体系演化过程及其油气意义。     

王府地区登娄库组辫状河三角洲沉积特征

王府地区目前尚处于勘探阶段,已经发现天然气的储集.为研究该区域储层建筑结构,以城深7井作为标准井制作岩心相,分析取芯井岩相类型;对比研究区内所有探井的测井曲线,分析登娄库组各部分的沉积相类型及微相特征;计算登娄库组不同砂组的砂地比,分析水进水退趋势;通过单井校正和地震剖面上对下切谷的识别绘制砂组的沉积相平面图,描述沉积相展布和砂体展布情况.结果表明:登娄库组主要沉积相类型为辫状河三角洲沉积,分为辫状河道沉积微相、越岸沉积微相、水下分流河道微相和水下分流河道间微相四个沉积微相类型.登娄库组地层在沉积时期经历了一次水进水退旋回,最大湖泛面为d22时期,沉积期物源有北东和南西两个方向.王府断陷沉积受沉积环境和盆地演化影响.该研究为气藏开发提供了基础资料.     

测井相分析在准噶尔盆地车排子地区的应用

传统的沉积微相研究主要是通过岩心观察或岩屑录井资料对目的层段的岩性及沉积环境进行研究,然而岩心及岩屑资料却是十分有限的。目前利用测井资料进行沉积微相分析已成为沉积学的发展趋势,本文通过研究车排子地区各沉积微相以及相应的测井响应特征,提取不同微相的测井特征参数。利用计算机工具,采用现代数学方法建立的电性-沉积微相判别公式,实现了沉积微相的人机交互识别。结果表明,所得结果与人工识别结果的吻合率达到了87%,由此可见利用测井资料自动识别沉积微相是可行的,不仅能大大弥补人工识别的不足,还可提高储层解释的速度和精度。     

井研-犍为地区麦地坪组-筇竹寺组沉积相特征

井研—犍为地区麦地坪组—筇竹寺组是四川盆地下寒武统页岩气勘探的重要阵地,但沉积特征研究相对薄弱。通过岩心描述和测井资料分析对研究区麦地坪—筇竹寺组进行沉积相特征分析及总结。麦地坪组发育深灰—灰黑色磷质细晶白云岩、灰黑色—黑色含粉砂质页岩与硅质磷块岩互层,硅质结核及水平层理发育,顶部见灰色—深灰色岩屑石英粉砂岩与灰黑色粉砂质泥岩互层,泥岩与粉砂岩突变接触,发育冲刷面、包卷层理、泄水构造以及粉砂岩中的泥粒定向排列,为典型重力流沉积;筇竹寺组发育灰黑色—深灰色页岩、粉砂质页岩与灰色—深灰色钙质细粒岩屑砂岩、灰质粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩不等厚互层,块状及水平层理,顶部见波状层理和小型交错层理,黄铁矿发育,三叶虫和高肌虫化石发育。建立了2个三叶虫化石带:尖头遵义盘虫(Tsunyidiscus acutus)—阎家寨遵义盘虫(Tsunyidiscus yanjiazhaiensis)带和始莱得利基虫(Eoredlichia)—武定虫属(Wutingaspis)带,以及3个高肌虫化石带:梁山虫(Liangshanella)—小遵义虫(Tsunyiella)化石带、峨眉虫(Emeiella)—粗脊昆明虫[Kunmingella(Validocostatella)fusulus]化石带和朵氏昆明虫(Kunmingella douville)—卵形川滇虫[Chuandianella ovata(Lee)]—简单虫(Mononotella)化石带。研究区受兴凯地裂运动控制,位于坳拉槽西侧缓坡带中,为陆棚相沉积。识别出浅水陆棚、深水陆棚和坳拉槽3个亚相,以及滩坝、砂泥质浅水陆棚、浊积砂、砂泥质深水陆棚、泥质深水陆棚和坳拉槽底共计6个沉积微相。麦地坪组主要发育构造作用下的深水沉积,其顶部发育重力流沉积,富含磷元素,含少量黄铁矿;筇竹寺组发育较稳定构造背景下的陆棚沉积,具有以泥岩沉积为主,磷元素含量低,局部富含黄铁矿等特征。     

西加拿大盆地M区块层序地层与油砂资源评价

<正>确认识油层平面分布是油砂资源评价的基础,无井区油层厚度的预测需要以地质认识为指导。以钻井资料为基础,对M区块的层序地层与沉积特征进行了研究,分析层序格架和储层展布;并在此基础上开展油层分布预测与油砂资源评价,取得了以下新认识:(1)首次对区块进行了层序地层划分。区块可划分为2个长期旋回和6个中期旋回和10个短期旋回。(2)首次系统厘定了区块的沉积相类型及发育特征。区块发育河流、三角洲、滨岸、河口湾和浅海5类沉积相,11类沉积亚相和15类沉积微相。(3)评价结果改变了前人认识,大幅度增加了区块的资源潜力。评价认为区块油砂资源量为2.2×10~8t,比前人评价结果增加22.5%;钻探结果证实了评价结果的正确性,发现区块东部为资源最富集区,改变了前人认为区块西部为主力区的认识。     

Research on the disappearance causes of the Tenghualuo Site in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province, China

With brilliant civilization during the transitional period from a original clan society to a state society in prehistory,the Neolithic Tenghualuo Site in Lianyungang was discovered by archaeological survey in 1989,which was titled as‘one of the nation’s ten great archeological discoveries in 2000’.However,the transgression and the anthropogenic environment deterioration have ever been employed to explain the abandonment of the site.Based on a dynasty framework established by the 14 C dating,and using the experimental methods such as micro-paleontology identification in foraminifera and charophytes, the content test of Rb and Sr,susceptibility analysis as well as granularity and sedimentary facies analysis,some researches on the sediments from the two exploration layers at Tenghualuo Site were conducted,and the following new findings have been gained:Firstly,foraminifera which are relevant to the marine environment were not found in the sediment layer,however,25 charales,which usually live in the freshwater environment,in 07LTT1 exploration samples were found.Among them,3 charales were found in the samples from the forth sediment layer below the late Longshan Cultural layer and 22 charates were from the second sediment layer above the late Longshan Cultural layer.Furthermore,5 plant seeds and 41 fungal spores,together with many carbonation holes,plant seed shells,as well as their roots and stems were also found in the second sediment layer above the late Longshan Cultural layer.Secondly,the cumulative probability curves of the sediments’granularity in both the last and its overlying culture intermittent layers have characteristics of three-phase river sediment curve,and the ratios between Rb and Sr are both quite high in samples from two layers sedimented during the disappearing time of the site.All above-mentioned evidences indicate that disappearance of the Tenghualuo Site was not related to the transgression.The late Longshan Culture of the site could be completely abandoned after a relatively long-ter