下扬子五峰组上升流相烃源岩沉积特征

五峰组层状含放射虫硅质类地层是下扬子地区所发育的区域性优质烃源岩之一,为前陆挠折滞流盆地边缘斜坡上升流沉积产物。受上升流强度和阵发周期频率的控制,形成了多个厚度呈周期性变化、硅质生物组成略有不同的硅质岩和硅质页岩互层韵律沉积。五峰组沉积时期,水体缺氧程度高,有机质组成以无定形为优势,原始生烃潜力高,低等藻类和其它浮游生物是其主要生源。受上升流影响,硅质岩和硅质页岩沉积时期有机质的保护机制存在差异,有机质富集程度主要与粘土矿物对有机质较强的吸附和保护能力以及氧化硅矿物转化过程中有机质的损失相关。     

峨眉地幔热柱活动与贵州西部二叠系煤的形成环境研究

晚二叠世乐平期,最为强烈、规模最大的一次峨眉地幔热柱强烈活动在贵州西部形成西北高、东南低的古地理格局.沉积相带由早二叠世的近东西向变为晚二叠世北东向排布.沉积相带由西向东,由陆相渐变为海陆交替相,最后变为海相环境.在贵州西北部的威宁一带形成陆相沉积环境.遵义至安顺一线以西的黔西和黔西南地区,属于海陆交替的陆地边缘相区,...     

四川盆地北部二叠系茅口组沉积特征及油气意义

基于地震资料精细解释成果,结合野外剖面及室内薄片观察,通过分析主要岩石类型及古生物、地球化学和地震相特征,对四川盆地北部二叠系茅口组沉积相展布特征进行研究,依据生物(屑)灰岩、礁灰岩和硅质岩等岩相发育规律以及地震地层结构和地层厚度变化特征,认为茅口组发育了开阔台地、台地边缘及斜坡—盆地等沉积亚相,总结出了开阔海夹点礁、开阔海夹点滩、台地边缘滩和灰质—硅质盆地等4种沉积微相组合,明确了沉积相纵向演化和平面展布规律。结果表明,台地边缘高能生物滩平面上呈条带状在剑阁—元坝—龙岗一带规模发育,生物(屑)灰岩的晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔和生物体腔孔发育,物性好,是优质储集层发育带;川西海槽和广元—旺苍海槽茅四段的硅质岩和泥岩有机碳含量高,则是优质生油岩,优越的沉积环境为该区油气成藏提供了有利的生油和储集条件。     

燕山中元古界大红峪组微生物席碎片的发现及初步研究

元古代碳酸盐岩沉积孕育了大量与微生物活动有关的沉积构造,但是对于相同时期的碎屑岩沉积环境中微生物引起的沉积构造的研究却很少。在元古代碎屑岩沉积环境中发现的最常晃的与微生物活动有关的沉积构造是皱饰构造和变余波痕,前人研究结果已经证明它们为微生物引起的沉积构造。在华北地台中元古界长城系大红峪组砂岩层面上发育一些与变余波痕和皱饰构造共生的一种特殊的沉积现象,即纺锤状砂质碎片。通过研究证实这些砂质碎片是微生物与物理营力相互作用形成的,也就是微生物席碎片。其发现有益于以后对类似沉积构造的研究;也有助于认识和了解中元古代生物群演化、古生命环境。     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

安徽中南部下二叠统栖霞组和孤峰组沉积环境及成岩历史

皖中南地区下二叠统发育8种不同的沉积相带。栖霞组下部主要发育滨岸细碎屑岩相带和半局限海台地相带,中上部发育开阔海台地相带、较深水台凹相带和台棚内带;早中孤峰期发育台棚外带、台棚内带和台地边缘缓坡相带,晚孤峰期在宿松地区发育了台地边缘生物滩相带。研究区下二叠统成岩环境划为海底-浅埋藏、中埋藏、深埋藏和表生成岩环境。并阐述了这4种成岩环境内的成岩作用类型组合标志。     

松辽盆地下白垩统喇萨杏主力三角洲的形成条件及沉积模式演变

本文对喇萨杏主力三角洲的形成条件、沉积过程和模式演变进行了较系统的研究。重点指出形成该三角洲的河流属中等流量和中等含沙量的河流。指出从葡萄花到东部出水口之间存在一个潜在的、由北向东偏转的、受吞吐流场控制的弧形砂岩发育带，该带是寻找岩性油藏的有利场所。     

川东北部香溪群的地震相和有利储层展布

川东北部地区香溪群是以河流相为主的沉积。北东向主河流发育带是该河流沉积体系的骨架。下凹充填、丘形反射地震相分布带正是主河流带的地震响应。砂岩储层的物性和有利储层带的分布均受此河流沉积体系的影响。勘探中应充分考虑主河流发育带控制有利储层带展布这一认识。     

陇川盆地中新统地震相分析与油气勘探

在分析滇西陵川盆地地质特征的基础上，对盆地的地震层序、地震相进行了综合研究，并结合钻井岩心相及测井相的分析，进行了盆地沉积相解释推断，解释出湖相、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、塌积扇等不同的沉积相类型以及它们的展布特征和古沉积环境，认为沉积中心和沉降中心不一致，盆地东北部凹陷的岩性可能相对较细。并且指出了相对有利的可能生油凹陷及油气勘探远景区。