治理黄河泥沙的新途径——小北干流放淤

介绍了黄河泥沙的主要来源及危害,提出了治理黄河泥沙的新举措——小北干流放淤,分析了小北干流放淤的客观性和必要性,指出了小北干流放淤对黄河治理的长远影响。     

双孔微剪切法测定材料的局部强度

工程上进行焊接接头强度设计或承载能力评定时,需要测定焊接接头各区域的局部强度.文章提出一种双孔微剪切局部强度试验测定方法.在被测材料的小区域两侧开2个小孔,剪切压头从其中一孔对被测区域加载直到破坏,根据加载过程中的载荷位移曲线,确定材料的强度.实验说明,该方法具有很好的重复精度.通过对管线钢、紫铜和6063铝合金三种材料的标准拉伸和双孔微剪切的对比试验,发现拉伸屈服强度是屈服剪应力的2.01倍,抗拉强度是最大剪应力的1.46倍.最后测定了焊接接头局部强度,其分布趋势与硬度值基本相似.     

Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.     

节理岩体中微裂纹区的推导

在一个改进的节理岩体强度和提出均方剪应力基础上，导出一个屈服准则，结合断裂力学理论，推导出一新的微裂纹区域，最后与Mises屈服准则的推导结果作比较得出一些结论。     

修正的L-D准则在卸荷岩体力学中的应用

通过卸荷模拟试验数据，考虑了不同抗拉强度下的岩石卸荷受拉破坏，求出了修正L-D准则(Lade双屈服面屈服准则)的各项参数，并与Lade所统计的试验资料数据进行了比较，结果较为吻合。     

枝桠材栽培灵芝研究初报

分别利用原木段木和枝桠材熟料栽培灵芝新6、8、6、12、13、韩1、韩3、日1、日2、S1、K2、18、19号菌株，每个菌株接种180袋，设3个重复，每个重复60袋。先在培养室内培养菌丝生长15～20d将栽培袋移至荫棚脱袋埋土栽培。结果表明：用枝桠材栽培灵芝的生长周期比用原木段木栽培的缩短6～26d，产量可提高13．61％～69．44％用枝桠材栽培灵芝对灵芝的产孢量影响不明显，但产孢始期可缩短4～19d，产孢持续时间可缩短2～10d。     

萝卜播期和栽培密度对产量及性状的影响

以“泸优一号”白萝卜为试材,研究不同时期播种和不同种植群体对萝卜产量和开花的影响。结果表明:播期推迟,植株生长势减弱,肉质根产量下降;开花量减少,结实率下降。高产栽培的适宜播期为 8月下旬至 9月上旬,最佳种植规格50 cm×33 cm,每穴 2苗。萝卜不同栽培密度下的根长与横径之比、株高与开展度之比可作为根形和株型划分的依据。     

用Mises屈服条件求简支圆板在线性和均布荷载共同作用下的极限荷载

应用Mises屈服条件分析简支圆板在线性荷载和均布荷载共同作用下的极限荷载,并选择不同的试函数,给出极限荷载的变化范围.     

铜镉渣浸出工艺的研究

铜镉渣溶解浸出工艺条件的改变，对金属元素浸取速度和回收率有较大的影响．通过对铜镉渣粒径、浸取温度、硫酸浓度、搅拌速度等条件的研究，找到了最佳酸浸条件，在选定的工艺条件下，Zn、Cd、Cu等金属元素的总浸出率可达到98．5％．     

河流表层沉积物界面性质的研究

运用表面络合模式和原理，研究了黄河表层沉积物的界面特征，确定了零电点、电荷密度、表面吸附位和表面固有常数，用原子吸收分光光度法测定了天然水环境生物膜对铜和镉的吸附作用。