基于暖体假人实验的防刺服热阻和湿阻研究

为有效提高防护服装舒适性、降低人员体力消耗、加快人体防护装备研制与开发,开展了利用出汗暖体假人测量防刺服在不同环境下的热阻与湿阻特性的研究.根据国际标准,假人只适用于常温环境下服装的热阻和湿阻测量.对原有热阻模型进行修正,结合热电偶测量方法以及暖体假人测量技术,实现高温下防刺服热阻和湿阻测量.在温、湿度可控制的气候室内,设置不同环境工况,获得两套防刺服的热阻和湿阻特性,比较了不同防刺基板材料对防刺服热阻和湿阻的影响,以及防刺服不同部位热阻和湿阻的差异.实验结果表明,防刺服热阻随着温度升高而降低;而湿阻随着环境温度升高而增大,随着湿度增加而减少.      

高校图书馆日文图书对日语专业大学生的教育意义

日文图书是高校图书馆馆藏的重要组成部分,其中蕴藏着大量有关日本语言、历史、地理、文学、经济的知识和信息,是日语专业学生提高自身学习能力和素质的重要资源. 分析了日语专业学生的就业形势及日文图书的利用现状,指出应通过加强高校图书馆的日文图书管理和服务工作、发挥日语专业师生的作用来实现日文图书的教育价值.     

内阻差异对锂离子电池性能的影响

选用正负极体系相同但交流内阻不同的3款锂离子全电池进行电性能测试,比较不同的交流内阻对电池不同放电深度(DOD)下的开路电压、直流阻抗、功率的影响.结果表明:交流内阻的差异对锂离子全电池不同DOD下的开路电压影响不大;交流内阻越大的锂离子全电池相应的直流阻抗也越大,内阻差异在脉冲电流越大时对直流阻抗的影响越明显,在10%~80%DOD区间内,同一交流内阻的锂离子全电池直流阻抗变化不大;交流内阻小的锂离子全电池的功率较强,在深DOD区间下,锂离子全电池的功率明显降低.     

P/M,W/C,B/M对磷酸钾镁水泥耐水性的影响

通过测试磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)浆体在自然养护和水中养护两种养护条件下不同龄期的抗压强度,研究了酸碱组分比例(P/M),水灰比(W/C),硼砂掺量(B/M)对MKPC浆体耐水性的影响规律。结果表明：水养条件下,MKPC浆体56d抗压强度相对于早期强度发生较大倒缩,耐水性较差;P/M,W/C,B/M的变化均会对MKPC浆体的耐水性产生一定的影响。在水中养护时,随着P/M的减小,MKPC浆体的抗压强度损失先增大后减小,在P/M为1/3时耐水性最差;随着W/C的增加,MKPC浆体的抗压强度损失逐渐增大;随着B/M的增加,MKPC浆体的抗压强度损失先减小后增大,在B/M为4%时耐水性最好。     

σ相对S32760超级双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

通过对含W的S32760超级双相不锈钢不同温度时效热处理研究σ相的析出行为.用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析σ相的形貌和化学组成,并研究σ相对力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响.在850~1000℃之间,实验钢析出大量由Fe-Cr-Mo-W组成的具有正方结构的σ相,钢板强度和硬度高,塑性差,延伸率低于4%;1050℃时仍存在少量析出,虽然延伸率大幅度提高至31.1%,但冲击韧性离散度高,冲击功偏低;直至1080℃,σ相才能完全溶解至基体中,抗拉强度为640 MPa,延伸率为35.5%,纵、横向冲击功平均值分别达到217 J和110 J.随时效热处理温度升高,点蚀电位提高,点蚀失重率不断下降,1080℃热处理的试样点蚀电位高达1246 mV.该试样在50℃的3.5% NaCl溶液中腐蚀失重率也仅为0.005~0.007 g·m-2·h-1.     

Burn-resistant behavior and mechanism of Ti14 alloy

The direct-current simulation burning method was used to investigate the burn-resistant behavior of Ti14 titanium alloy. The results show that Ti14 alloy exhibits a better burn resistance than TC4 alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). Cu is observed to preferentially migrate to the surface of Ti14 alloy during the burning reaction, and the burned product contains Cu, Cu₂O, and TiO₂. An oxide layer mainly comprising loose TiO₂ is observed beneath the burned product. Meanwhile, Ti₂Cu precipitates at grain boundaries near the interface of the oxide layer, preventing the contact between O₂ and Ti and forming a rapid diffusion layer near the matrix interface. Consequently, a multiple-layer structure with a Cu-enriched layer (burned product)/Cu-lean layer (oxide layer)/Cu-enriched layer (rapid diffusion layer) configuration is formed in the burn heat-affected zone of Ti14 alloy; this multiple-layer structure is beneficial for preventing O₂ diffusion. Furthermore, although Al can migrate to form Al₂O₃ on the surface of TC4 alloy, the burn-resistant ability of TC4 is unimproved because the Al₂O₃ is discontinuous and not present in sufficient quantity.     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting

Heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) horizontal continuous casting technology developed by our research group was used to produce high axial columnar-grained CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes with different Fe contents. The effects of Fe content (1.08wt%–2.01wt%) on the microstructure, segregation, and flushing corrosion resistance in simulated flowing seawater as well as the mechanical properties of the alloy tubes were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the segregation degree of Ni and Fe elements increases, and the segregation coefficient of Ni and Fe elements falls from 0.92 to 0.70 and from 0.92 to 0.63, respectively. With increasing Fe content, the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases initially and then increases. When the Fe content is 1.83wt%, the corrosion rate approaches the minimum and dense, less-defect corrosion films, which contain rich Ni and Fe elements, form on the surface of the alloy; these films effectively protect the α-matrix and reduce the corrosion rate. When the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the tensile strength of the alloy tube increases from 204 MPa to 236 MPa, while the elongation to failure changes slightly about 46%, indicating the excellent workability of the CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes.     

Fracture behavior and microstructure analysis of Al2O3–MgO–CaO castables for steel-ladle purging plugs

Three different castables based on the Al₂O₃–MgO–CaO system were prepared as steel-ladle purging plug refractories: corundum- based low-cement castable (C-LCC), corundum-spinel-based low-cement castable (C-S-LCC), and corundum-spinel no-cement castable (C-S-NCC) (hydratable alumina (ρ-Al₂O₃) bonded). The fracture behavior at room temperature was tested by the method of “wedge-splitting” on samples pre-fired at different temperatures; the specific fracture energy G′_f and notched tensile strength σ_NT were obtained from these tests. In addition, the Young’s modulus E was measured by the method of resonance frequency of damping analysis (RFDA). The thermal stress resistance parameter R′′′′ calculated using the values of G′_f, σ_NT, and E was used to evaluate the thermal shock resistance of the materials. According to the microstructure analysis results, the sintering effect and the bonding type of the matrix material were different among these three castables, which explains their different fracture behaviors.     

新型材料在牙轮钻头轴承中的应用

在分析钻头轴承系统工件条件的基础上,提出了钻头轴承材料应其备的基本性能。通过对国产新型耐磨材料的物理机械性能的分析,模拟钻井工况的材料磨损对比试验的研究,以及与新材料相适应的轴承结构的设计分析,本文得出：与现有金属轴承相比,各种超硬材料的轴承均能更好地适应钻头的工况,其中尤以人造聚晶金刚石耐磨型最好,结构合理、加工性好,能充分发挥新材料性能优势的材料复合型轴承将会成为未来钻头轴承的最佳竞争者。