Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

管网叠压供水设备的合理选用

管网叠压供水设备在二次供水的应用中有明显的技术优势,适用范围非常广泛,但在选用时也应合理选择。就管网叠压供水设备的选用进行了阐述,并分析其在使用过程中出现的问题及局限性。     

终身学习理念下的中小学幼儿园教师职业生涯规划

在国家全面加强教师队伍建设的背景下,如何培养"四有"的骨干、卓越、教育家,中小学、幼儿园教师成为焦点,成为加强教师队伍建设的核心目标。从骨干到卓越到教育家体现了教师专业成长过程,如何让教师的专业成长的过程有时间表、路线图,在终身学习的理念下引导教师做好职业生涯规划是教师迅速专业成长的前提。     

中小学教师工作压力与工作倦怠研究——以韶关市为例

为了解中小学教师的工作压力和工作倦怠情况，同时探讨中小学教师的工作压力与工作倦怠的关系，采用中小学教师工作压力问卷和工作倦怠通用量表，对韶关市238名中小学教师进行调查。结果发现：（1）韶关市中小学教师的工作压力和工作倦怠都较普遍，但不严重；工作压力主要来源于工作负荷、考试和学生。（2）中小学教师工作压力是影响其工作倦怠的重要因素。缓解中小学教师工作压力、降低工作倦怠，需要社会、学校和教师个人三方面共同努力。     

海黍子(Sargassum muticum)不同分枝的形态观察与离体培养

【目的】观察海黍子不同分枝的形态特征,并研究离体培养条件下三生分枝的生长和生殖托数量的变化情况。【方法】采用形态观察法和离体培养技术,分别研究三生分枝在次生分枝上的分布、其数量与次生分枝长度的关系、其长度与生殖托数量的关系,并对离体培养前后三生分枝特定生长率及生殖托数量变化情况进行研究。【结果】三生分枝数量与次生分枝长度呈正相关;生殖托数量同三生分枝的长度呈正相关。离体培养实验期内,生殖托数量增长一般不超过2个;三生分枝均有不同程度的增长,特定生长率多数集中在0%~2%。【结论】海黍子不同分枝尤其是三生分枝的生长和发育有助于海黍子有性繁殖过程,可以保障海黍子群体的不断繁衍。     

一类区间不确定时滞系统超前/滞后补偿器设计

针对一类具有全极点的区间不确定时滞系统,给出了相位超前/滞后补偿器的一种图解鲁棒设计方法.对滞后因子采用一阶Pade近似,应用广义Kharitonov定理,证明了图解法设计出的相位超前/滞后补偿器可以镇定区间不确定近似系统.通过仿真验证了该补偿器亦可镇定原区间不确定时滞系统,并保持良好的系统性能.该种图解设计方法选择参数灵活,便于实际应用.     

嵌入式服务在中职学校图书馆的实践探索--以柳州市交通学校图书馆为例

嵌入式服务在高校图书馆已逐渐被认同和推广,而对于中职学校图书馆而言却还处于起步和探索阶段。介绍了柳州市交通学校图书馆在课程教学、教研活动和第二课堂活动等方面对嵌入式服务所做的一些新尝试,阐述了嵌入式服务给该馆带来的新变化,对中职学校图书馆嵌入式服务存在的问题进行了思考。     

蛋白质二级结构预测概率图模型的改进

蛋白质二级结构与蛋白质三级结构及蛋白质功能密切相关,是生物信息学研究的热点,其中概率图模型隐马尔可夫算法(HMM)是该领域研究的重要工具。但是在实际应用中,存在着HMM训练下溢、不同训练集的效果差异较大及参数优化困难等问题。对预测蛋白质二级结构时HMM遇到的训练下溢问题提出了改进方案;首次提出8-状态HMM来预测蛋白质二级结构,并且将参数B改进成为包含状态转移信息的三维参数;为了改进最优HMM模型的确定方法,用每个样本分别对初始HMM模型进行训练,得到一系列新的模型,然后对这些新模型的参数求均值,将求得的均值作为最优模型的参数。这些改进方法提高了HMM预测蛋白质二级结构的准确率,为HMM的进一步优化打下良好的基础。     

辽东湾地区古近系砂岩成岩作用与孔隙演化

辽东湾地区古近系砂岩储层为近岸水下扇、(扇)三角洲和浊积扇的长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩.岩石主要经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代等成岩作用,溶蚀作用主要为有机质热成熟演化形成的有机酸和黏土矿物转化脱出的水对易溶物质的溶蚀.成岩阶段可分为早成岩A期,早成岩B期和中成岩A期.中成岩A期又分为中成岩A1亚期和A2亚期,中成岩A1亚期是溶蚀作用发生的主要时期.孔隙类型包括原生孔隙和次生孔隙,次生孔隙主要由碳酸盐胶结物、长石及部分岩屑溶蚀形成.次生孔隙在现今埋深2000～2500m的砂岩中最发育,其形成主要受成岩演化阶段控制.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.