大跨度膜结构周围复杂风场的Monte Carlo模拟

针对膜结构周围复杂地形区域内的三维湍流,采用Monte Carlo模拟技术对非均匀流风场湍流进行建模,用FFT变换代替基于谐波叠加原理的经典模拟方程.湍流功率谱密度矩阵的分解采用本征正交分解获得,用平行算法执行整个模拟程序.最后,将该程序用于模拟一体育场膜结构挑篷周围三维风场.模拟谱与目标谱符合良好,证明了该建模方法和提高计算效率的三种方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于海床吸力和刚度衰减模型的深海钢悬链线立管动力响应分析

运用ABAQUS创建触地单元,将立管 海床作用的模拟简化为3种模型：线性刚度、线性截断、线性截断并考虑海床吸力和刚度衰减.将浮体垂向运动作为立管顶端边界输入,并对3种简化模型进行了计算比较.结果表明：考虑立管 海床分离以及吸力效应对计算结果的影响很大;考虑吸力效应时,在立管和海床分离的阶段会有较多的疲劳应力循环.第③类触地单元较好地反映了吸力的产生和释放过程,其包含的海床刚度衰减模型也给出了令人满意的结果.
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KH-4B卫星数据在城镇周边活动断层解译中的应用

地震的发生与活动断层的发育密切相关,城镇周边活动断层调查对于合理地规划城市和抗震设防、减轻城市可能遭遇的地震损失具有重要意义。遥感技术可以为活动断层调查提供快速有效的技术手段。然而,受城镇化及人类活动改造的影响,新成像的遥感数据在城镇及周边活动断层调查中发挥的作用有限;而成像于20世纪60年代的美国侦察卫星KH-4B影像较好的保存了活动断层运动形成的各种微地貌单元,这些地貌现象受人类活动改造较小。利用该卫星数据对郯庐断裂带江苏段分支之一的新沂-新店断裂进行解译研究,分析该断裂带的几何展布特征,介绍KH-4B数据在活动构造填图和定量研究中的应用,对该数据应用于活动断层的效果进行了评价,收到了良好的效果;并系统总结了一套数据处理与活动断层提取技术流程。     

Demographic characteristics,seasonal range and habitat topography of Balkan chamois population in its southernmost limit of its distribution (Giona mountain,Greece)

The annual range of Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) in Giona mountain was found to be 5502 ha, with a low population density (2 individuals/100 ha). Seasonal range patterns varied significantly, with a minimum extent in summer and a maximum in winter (30% and 79% of the annual range, respectively). Summer stress and the rutting period might be associated with the observed aggregated distributions during the summer and autumn (core areas of 28% and 22% of seasonal ranges, respectively, defined after the Fixed Kernel Density Estimator). Chamois were found to use significantly lower altitude habitats in winter (1212 m) than in summer (2223 m), and significantly steeper slopes in winter (35°); aspect was not found to have a significant effect on habitat use. Population structure consisted of kids (21%), yearlings (8%), females (35%) and males (36%). Conservation management for the species should consider poaching, livestock competition and global warming.     

Records of the tsunami induced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake from Xiaoqushan seafloor observatory in the East China Sea

Sea-level variation can be induced by periodic tides, stochastic wind, air pressure, and swell. Larger sea-level variation has the potential to cause coastal disasters. In this paper, real-time continuous data obtained by the Xiaoqushan seafloor observatory in the East China Sea were analyzed employing frequency power spectral and tidal harmonic methods to extract the major components and periodicities of sea-level change. The sea-level anomaly (sla) was calculated by subtracting the tidal components from the observed sea level data. In the study period, the correlation between sla and the local north-south wind speed was high with a correlation coefficient of 0.65 at the 95% confidence level. The local wind-induced sea-level anomaly (sla wind ) was therefore computed through linear fitting. Although sla wind is one of the main components of sla, the residual sea-level anomaly (sla residual ) obtained by subtracting sla wind from sla is not zero, suggesting that there are other factors besides wind. Detailed analysis of the sea-level data at the time of the 8.8-magnitude Chilean earthquake on February 27, 2010 showed a peak sla residual value of 0.48 m at around 15:00 on February 28, which was highly coincident with the tsunami arrival time forecast by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. The peak sla residual event is therefore linked with the tsunami induced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake. This is the first time that a tsunami has been detected using real-time continuous data recorded by a seafloor observatory in the sea off China. Such observations are expected to improve tsunami forecast models and promote the development of a tsunami warning system and a seafloor observatory network in the East China Sea.     

金鸡湖水下地形与淤泥分布信息采集和处理

利用GSP、测深仪以及HYPACK水文测量软件,完成金鸡湖水下地形测图和淤泥分布的数据采集,利用AutoCAD完成地形图和淤泥分布彩图,并计算湖泊分级面积、分级容积以及淤泥总量。     

神经网络模型度量地形对实际行驶排放的影响

由于难以将行驶路线地形的影响从实际行驶排放(real driving emission,RDE)试验的其他试验边界的影响中独立出来,提出采用神经网络输入变量重要性算法以定量评估行驶路线地形试验边界对RDE试验的影响强度。以重庆地区RDE试验的37 256个数据窗口排放样本为基础,采用因子分析方法缩减数据并消除试验边界之间的信息重叠,建立神经网络模型预测污染物排放,并计算输入变量相对重要性占比。结果表明,行驶路线地形试验边界在二氧化碳(CO₂)排放中起主导作用,它的相对重要性远大于行程动力学试验边界。对于一氧化碳(CO)、颗粒数量(particle number,PN)、氮氧化物(NO_x)污染物排放,地形因素的影响力仍不可忽视,特别是在车辆高速行驶条件下,它对车辆行驶排放的影响与行程动力学因素大致相当。总体而言,在现有排放标准体系中,行驶路线地形试验边界对RDE试验的影响被严重低估。     

基于点云的超精密铣削加工三维表面形貌仿真

基于刀刃扫掠点点云方式,提出一种超精密加工三维表面形貌模型.通过对加工部分刀刃在加工过程中的运动学描述,将三维表面形貌用离散点云数据表达.根据加工曲面信息和采样点数目对仿真区域进行划分并建立随动包容盒,对包容盒内数据进行数值分析和空间变换计算以获得工件三维表面形貌.算法仿真与表面轮廓仪测量结果表明：该仿真算法能够表征超精密铣削加工下工件表面双向残留高度特征,并体现出刀具切入相位角对表面形貌的影响,为三维表面形貌超精密加工提供了一种新的思路.     

壁面微结构对超薄液膜流动特性的影响

针对非平整基底表面上的超薄液膜流动,采用润滑理论推导出液膜厚度演化方程,并利用PDECOL程序进行了数值求解,分析了不同基底表面液膜轮廓的变化特征及基底结构参数和重力对液膜流动的影响.研究表明:微尺度基底的不平整特征将引起液体局部压力增加或减小,形成隆起或凹陷,使液膜表面发生变形;台阶、V字形和矩形凹槽等基底的深度增加或斜度减小具有增强液膜表面变形的作用,基底宽度仅在小范围内增加具有放大液膜表面变形的作用;波状基底高度增大具有增强液膜隆起高度、减弱液膜凹陷深度的作用,波数的作用与之相反;重力会抑制液膜隆起和凹陷的发生.     

河南省固始县茶区茶树生长的自然地理环境分析

文章通过对河南省固始县茶区的气候、地形、土壤等自然条件进行研究。结果发现：本区平均气温与江南、华南茶区相比偏低,年降水量处于国内茶区中等水平,导致茶园春季开园迟,轮采次数少,单产量低和品质优的特点,降水量的季节分配与茶树生长需求基本相符;区内茶园海拔较低,西部茶园坡度稍大,但开发成梯地的形式,有利于水土保持;茶区的黄棕...