Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

概化峡谷地形风场特性风洞试验

为研究峡谷地形的风场特性,首先对比了4类规范对峡谷地形风压或风速修正的规定;其次,以某V形对称坡度概化峡谷地形为研究对象,通过风洞试验,研究了其横断面方向和沿峡谷走向地形风速分布规律,并讨论了风向角对于峡谷地形风速分布的影响。结果表明：国外规范对峡谷地形风速修正规定较少,国内规范规定的峡谷风速修正系数在1.07~1.22之间;0°风向角下,风速地形修正系数沿峡谷中轴线基本对称;在测试高度范围内,沿峡谷走向加速区逐渐缩小,减速区逐渐变大,风速地形修正系数极大值逐渐减小,其极值均出现在“H1ZX”横断面,数值分别为1.34 5和0.45 6;0°和15°风向角下,沿峡谷走向,风速地形修正系数分别呈“旋涡状”和“山丘状”,减速区位置也不相同;谷底位置处的风速加速效应很有限,仅在峡谷风速入口位置附近存在加速效应,且风速修正系数值最大值小于规范规定最大值1.22。     

磁盘表面形貌对润滑剂分布及磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移的影响

磁盘表层润滑剂在磁头与磁盘之间转移会影响磁头飞行的稳定性．本文采用改进后的粗粒珠簧模型,运用分子动力学方法,研究了磁盘上类金刚石薄膜（diamondlikecarbon,DLC）层粗糙度和磁盘表面凸起对润滑剂在磁盘表面分布及磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移的影响．研究结果表明,DLC层粗糙度对润滑膜平均厚度及磁盘表层粗糙度的影响很小;磁盘表面凸起对磁盘表层润滑剂分布的影响明显．类金刚石薄膜层的粗糙度和磁盘表层凸起均可增加转移到磁头上的润滑剂的体积．但磁盘表层粗糙度对磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂转移量的影响明显低于由磁盘表层凸起导致的磁头／磁盘之间润滑剂的转移量．     

基于同步辐射白光形貌术和X射线迹线法的6H-SiC单晶结构缺陷研究

[目的]SiC材料结构缺陷的检测和控制是实现材料应用的关键环节,因此本文对6H-SiC单晶中的结构缺陷进行研究。[方法]采用同步辐射白光形貌术观察6H-SiC单晶中的基本螺位错和基平面弯曲,并利用X射线迹线法模拟基本螺位错的形貌和基平面弯曲后衍射斑点的形状。[结果]6H-SiC单晶中的典型结构缺陷之一为基本螺位错,它的形貌特征为白色的圆斑;由于热弹应力的存在,6H-SiC单晶在生长过程中容易发生基平面弯曲,结果导致衍射斑点的形状发生改变。[结论]同步辐射白光形貌术和X射线迹线法可以用于检测6H-SiC单晶结构缺陷;样品的基本螺位错密度为1.56×10~4/cm~2,基平面弯曲半径近似为1m。     

40Cr钢离子注入后表面形态变化初探

本文对40Cr钢详细测量、分析了其二维和三维的表面粗糙度,随注入能量和剂量不同各评定参数的变化趋势也不同.离子注入使粗糙度高度参数值普遍下降,间距参数值有时增大,有时减小,通过溅射作用有时使糙峰数减少,有时又产生新峰;形状参数上峰态也发生变化.对不同参数的注入表面尚进行了自相关函数和功率谱函数分析.     

MATHEMATICAL MEASURES OF SHAPE CONFORMITY

This paper has developed a single mathematical measure for the evaluation of the shape conformity of the curved garment objects such as moulded brassiere cups. The measurements are based on the sectional analysis of the fringe pattern generated by means of moire topography. They include the area ratio, shape ratio and root mean square (RMS) of the height deviation of the moulded cup from the standard shape profile. Ultimately, the RMS was found to be a satisfactory method of assessing the shape conformity and a guideline for determining a good fit from the RMS value was then derived.     

起伏地表条件下的波场上延法叠前深度偏移

直接从起伏地表开始的叠前深度偏移方法是分析复杂地表和复杂地质体成像的有效手段。借鉴Beasley和Lynn提出的“零速层”的概念与Reshef提出的“逐步一累加”法的思路，根据地震波在真实介质中的传播特性及波的可叠加性，利用“波场上延”法，实现基于相移（时间域）法上延和频率空间域有限差分（深度域）法（ω-xFD）上延的波动方程法叠前深度偏移成像。理论分析和模型试算结果表明，深度域“波场上延”法是解决起伏地表和地下复杂构造双重成像的一种有效方法，实现了波动方程基准面校正和深度域成像的有机结合，其有效性和准确性使该方法可用于实际资料的处理，有较好的应用前景。     

A 3D evaluation method of cutting surface topography of carbon/carbon （C/C） composite

<正> This paper aims to establish a 3D evaluation method for cutting surface topography of C/C composites.The cutting surface is measured by Talyscan 150,using 3D non-contact measurement.By evaluating2D and 3D roughness of C/C composite and Duralumin,the 2D evaluation method of the cutting surfacetopography of C/C composite loses a lot of information,and the characteristics of the surface topographyof C/C composite can be comprehensively and authentically evaluated only by the 3D evaluation method.Furthermore,3D amplitude and spatial parameters are adopted to evaluate the surface and the resultsshow that:the topography of the C/C composite is anisotropy and there are no obvious feeding texturesbut abrupt peaks and valleys on surface of the C/C composite,which indicates that the machining mechanismis different from that of the metal.In conclusion,The C/C composite surface is evaluated using a3D evaluation method,the roughness error is small,and the unique topography characteristics can be authenticallyevaluated.