Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.     

高斯束谐振系统对遗迹高频引力波方向的选择效应

高斯束谐振系统为早期宇宙遗留的随机高频引力波的探测开启了一个非常重要的窗口．本文指出,当入射引力波的传播方向与高斯束不同时,高斯束谐振系统产生的一阶扰动光子流将降低几个数量级,即高斯束谐振系统只对沿某一特定方向传播的高频引力波产生响应．因此,高斯束谐振系统对高频引力波的传播方向具有良好的选择效应．     

试析环境演变对史前人类文明发展的影响--以长江三角洲南部平原良渚古文化衰变为例

良渚先民受自然环境的制约和经济生活模式的决定,连片成串地集中分布于长江三角洲南部平原,良渚早中期的温干气候和适宜环境使良渚文化空前繁荣,但在距今4000年左右突然消亡.作者通过研究,发现在距今4100年左右存在明显的降温事件,降温使农作物歉收,食物匮乏,在部落间引起连绵战争,使良渚文化走向衰弱.而距今3600年左右的海平面升高,在长江三角洲南部平原发生沟谷海侵,地下水位升高,太湖湖泊体系迅速扩张,引起大洪水,导致良渚文化消亡.     

Systematics and zoogeography of the deep‐sea hyperbenthic family Arietellidae (Copepoda: Calanoida) collected from the Sulu Sea

A faunistic survey of the deep‐sea hyperbenthic copepods in the Sulu Sea, which has a deep basin and is connected via shallow straits with the Pacific and the South China Sea, was carried out in November and December 2002, using beam trawls and a mid‐water trawl. Two new genera and four new species of the primitive calanoid family Arietellidae are described. A new genus Metacalanalis shows intermediate characteristics between those of Metacalanus Cleve, 1901 and Pilarella Alvarez, . Another new genus, Protoparamisophria, is closely related to Paramisophria Scott, 1897, but exhibits more plesiomorphic states in the female genital system and appendages. Two new species of the genera Paraugaptiloides Ohtsuka, Boxshall and Roe, and Sarsarietellus Campaner, 1984 are the second and the third species, respectively, for these genera. This discovery enhances the validity of these rare genera, and sheds light on the geological history of the Sulu Sea and the evolution of the Arietellidae within it.     

鲁西陆表海高分辨层序地层及海平面变动控制

依据钻孔岩芯和测进资料，对钽西陆表海盆地含煤地层进行了高分辨率层序划分，研究了高分辨率层序地层特点及其控制因素。研究表明，鲁西表海沉积序列中不同级次旋回相互叠加，具有特征的低频（Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）和高频（Ⅳ～Ⅵ级）层序叠加样式；这种相互叠加的旋回结构受控于相互叠置的海平面变化周期，即复合海平面变化。海平面变化周期表现出非对称式突发性上升到缓慢回落的节律性，形成了不对称的旋回记录。     

船舶流体动力系数与频率响应计算

利用拉普拉斯变换技术及优化方法对船舶运动的试验衰减曲线进行分析处理，提 出了计算船舶流体动力系数及频率响应的新方法，与既往的方法比较将更加合理， 并且方法简单易行，误差较小．可同时求出各个频率下的流体动力系数及运动频率响 应。与试验结果及其他理论方法比较，针算结果是令人满意的。     

声波在过渡区楔形海域的传播特性研究

声波在海洋中传播的特性，历来都是水声学一个极其重要的问题，本文通过模拟一个典型的楔形海底地形，用三维射线模型计算了声波在该海域传播的方向特性，计算结果指出，在海底倾角较大的海区，声线具有明显的水平折射，这种水平折射的效应，用于声源定位时必须予以修正。本文提出了一种简便易行的修正水平折射的方法。该结论对于水下目标定位具有重要的指导意义。     

蒙山顶峰观日出海上的季节与日期研究

从天文地理的角度对蒙山顶峰观日出海上的季节与日期进行了计算研究。通过计算知，在蒙顶是可以看到日出海上的，且可能看到日出海上的日期多达２２０多元，但由于受地貌和天气双重因素的影响。在蒙顶实际可见到日出海上的日数仅剩９８天，即在蒙顶实际能看到日出海上的季节为冬至及其前后。     

闽中-台中古通道的地貌环境——兼议"东山陆桥"的通行条件

晚更新世的最后一次冰期,当全球海平面下降到现海平面-50m左右,台湾海峡即消失。除了澎湖岛群东南部一片深海域仍为南海东北边一角外,闽-台之间成为一片洼地。这时,闽-台两地的居民互相来往已无天堑之隔,只有一条宽度不大的中心河道,渡过此河便可通达彼岸。本文全面分析了本区的自然条件、全球海平面变化和地貌冲淤环境之后认为:从福建的晋江向东,早期以航行,后来只过渡口,取道长元高地上岸可直通台中各地。这是一条便捷和安全兼备的古通道,是古人经过上万年的实践走出的一条传统的故道。此线对下一步海峡两岸进行现代化的跨海通道选线勘研有良好的导向和启迪作用。