运输法草案适用范围的评介

通过对《运输法草案》条文的研究,对草案适用范围的规定进行介绍和评价,对国际海上货物运输合同性质进行了归纳和总结,并结合国际和国内的观点,对《运输法草案》的适用范围的规定提出建议。     

上海城市在热岛和海风锋影响下特大暴雨的初步分析

上海地处长江三角洲冲积平原,由于沿江滨海,水网交错,在特定的环流形势背景下,可在市区形成集中降水。本文针对1985年8月31日(以下简称8.31)发生于上海的一次特大暴雨,在对环流形势分析的基础上,进行气流升速等7个物理量的计算,研究了下垫面对局地强雷暴活动的动力、热力和地形作用。结果表明:南下的冷空气与太平洋副热带高压西缘暖湿气流的辐合是造成这次雷暴雨的发生源,而在副高短期稳定,西风槽少动的条件下,海风锋和城市热岛可对最大降水落区起到触发机制或“诱导”、增幅作用。     

围海工程堵口合龙技术研究

为合理选择堵口顺序和方法以及确定最佳堵口合龙技术方案，利用水量平衡方程对围海工程堵口合龙过程口门水力要素变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：大龙口口门选择时，可采用汛期潮型，并以控制流速确定其尺寸，同时做好龙口护底和堤头防护；堵口合龙时，应采用非汛期潮型，以涨潮最大流速等值线确定堵口顺序和方法；软土地基堵口段要采用宽浅式口门及复式断面，断面边坡最大流速处于坡脚，施工中要加强防护；最佳堵口合龙技术方案要满足工程量小、施工组织管理容易以及一个小潮期能堵口截流成功的要求。     

川鄂湘边区沉降史定量分析

运用回剥分析技术对川鄂湘边区沉降史作了定量研究 .研究表明 :川鄂湘边区的沉降作用受构造作用、海平面变化及沉积负载控制 ,共经历了 4个快速沉降期、4个缓慢沉降期、2个隆升期和1个块断差异沉降期 .快速沉降期对应于构造的强烈活动和海平面的快速上升 ,缓慢沉降期对应于构造活动的减弱 ,而隆升期往往对应于挤压上升和海平面的快速下降 .震旦纪 -早古生代沉降作用明显受构造作用控制 ,晚古生代的低沉降幅度可能是同期海平面变化引起的 ,三叠 -侏罗纪的沉降作用受控于同期的构造活动 ,同时海平面变化也对此时期的沉降作用有一定影响     

远洋拖网渔船方案的多目标仿真选优

从系统的角度出发，采用多目标综合评判方法对我国北太平洋大型远洋拖网渔船船型进行了综合选优，指出在渔船船型优选过程中应计入不确定性并应适当考虑模糊性因素的影响，这样才能更符合客观实际。同时对最优和满意船型的定义和内容进行了探讨。最后提出了一种用于多次仿真结果的简洁综合评分法。     

江汉盆地西缘奥陶纪头足类生物相

根据对江汉盆地西缘奥陶纪头足动物群生态特征的研究，识别出８个头足类生物相。本文作者分析了这些生物相的组成和生态环境，并进一步提出该地区在奥陶纪存在３次海平面变化旋回，且存在总的海平面上升趋势。     

蛭弧菌指示和净化海水的研究

厦门近岸海水海洋噬菌蛭弧菌的数量与海水中弧菌类的数量成正相关．灭菌海水中只加蛭弧菌，其数量出现负增长．若同时加入蛭弧菌和宿主菌鳗弧菌８９２７菌株，则蛭弧菌数增加、增加速率随宿主菌浓度增加而增加，并导致宿主菌数减少，此时宿主菌随培养时间延长而减少，但减少速度缓慢，１５ｄ仅减少２６％．     

Mean sea surface heights of the South and East China Seas from ocean circulation model and geodetic leveling

The mean sea surface heights (sea surface topography) of the South China, East China, Yellow and Bohai Seas are derived from an ocean general circulation model and surface air pressure. The circulation model covers the global oceans, with fine grid (1/6°) covering the East Asian marginal seas and coarse grid (3°) covering the rest part of the global oceans. The result shows that the China 1985 National Altitude Datum is 24.7 cm above the mean sea surface height of the world oceans. The mean sea surface in the coastal ocean adjacent to China is higher in the south than in the north. Intercomparison of the model results with the geodetic leveling measurements at 28 coastal tidal stations shows a standard deviation of 4.8 cm and a fitting coefficient of 95.3%. After correction through linear regression, the standard deviation is reduced to 4.5 cm. This indicates that the accuracy of model results is sufficient for practical application. Based on the model results, the mean sea surface heights for the study area with a resolution of 1/6 degree are given. This result also links the mean sea levels at islands with those on the mainland coast and gives the mean sea surface heights at tidal stations in the Taiwan Island, the Dongsha Islands, the Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands relative to the China 1985 National Altitude Datum.     

Timing of Holocene sea-level highstands by mass spectrometric U-series ages of a coral reef from Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea

Systematic mass spectrometric 230Th ages are reported for a Porites coral reef terrace from Dengloujiao,Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea. Seven episodes of coral growth were recognized in this terrace: 7125±96, 6764±29,5826±37, 5006±54, 2543±24, 1915±15, and 1513±22 calendar years before present (cal. aBP). 50% of the coral age population fall between 7200 and 6600 cal. aBP, marking post-glacial stabdization of global sea level. Considering the facts that ( i ) Dengloujiao reef fiat was measured at 1.6-2.5m above modern tidal datum plane; (ii) modern Porites corals in the South China Sea are living at least ～1 m below the modern tidal datum plane; (iii) the top 20-30 cm of the reef was eroded; and (iv) crustal subsidence in the region since mid-Holocene was negligible, we conclude that the above age groups record at least two major periods (7200-5000 and 2500-1500 cal. aBP) of high sea-level at least 2.9-3.8 m above the present-day level.     

12-Hydroxy-E-γ-bisabolene,a new sesquiterpene alcohol from a Caribbean sea whip of the genusPseudopterogorgia (Gorgonacea,Cnidaria)

Summary A new sesquiterpene alcohol, 12-hydroxy-E--bisabolene, is reported from an undescribed Caribbean sea whip of the genusPseudopterogorgia. The structure of this new alcohol was established based upon spectral analyses and through chemical interconversions.Acknowledgment. This research was supported by NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under grant NA80AA-D-00120, and in part by the California State Resources Agency, project R/MP-22. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints. We wish to acknowledge the mass spectral support provided by the Bioorganic Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Resource Center, University of California, San Francisco (A.L. Burlingame, Director) which is supported through NIH grant RR00719.