Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

预应力加载条件下零件干磨削表面强化层特征

采用预应力复合干磨削加工技术,对未调质45#钢试件在不同预应力加载条件下实施表面磨削淬硬,观测不同磨削深度和进给速度条件下的试件表层金相组织,测量并分析试件在不同预应力条件下磨削淬硬层厚度、金相组织的变化状况,并通过试件截面不同位置硬度测定显示淬硬层厚度及金相成分的变化,得到试件施加预应力对淬硬强化层厚度的影响规律.研究表明,预应力淬硬磨削能使工件表面产生强化层,且大的磨削深度和小的进给速度有利于试件表面发生相变强化以及表层塑性变形的增大.     

A survey of occlusion detection method for visual object

Occlusion problem is one of the challenging issues in vision field for a long time , and the occlu-sion phenomenon of visual object will be involved in many vision research fields .Once the occlusion occurs in a visual system , it will affect the effects of object recognition , tracking, observation and operation , so detecting occlusion autonomously should be one of the abilities for an intelligent vision system .The research on occlusion detection method for visual object has increasingly attracted atten-tions of scholars .First, the definition and classification of the occlusion problem are presented . Then, the characteristics and deficiencies of the occlusion detection methods based on the intensity image and the depth image are analyzed respectively , and the existing occlusion detection methods are compared.Finally, the problems of existing occlusion detection methods and possible research directions are pointed out .     

埋深比对地铁车站与临近多层建筑峰值加速度响应的影响

为了对城市密集建筑区的抗震设计提供理论依据和参考,以三层三跨岛式车站和多层框架建筑为研究对象,采用有限元软件Abaqus对层状场地中由地铁车站与两个框架结构所组成的左右对称模型进行数值模拟实验,分析了不同埋深比对结构-土-结构相互作用(structure-soil-structure interaction, SSSI)效应的影响规律。结果表明,在地震作用下,当地铁车站埋深比小于等于1.5时,地铁车站与临近多层框架建筑间的SSSI效应对车站下半部分和上方框架结构所产生的不利影响值得重视;在埋深比增大过程中,临近建筑对车站上半区域的有利影响以及对车站整体的其他影响逐渐减弱,而车站对临近建筑的影响会整体趋向有利;地震动的频谱特性是地铁车站与临近多层建筑间地震反应的主要影响因素之一。     

无限长空间板在轴对称荷载作用下的位移和应力分析

运用汉克尔变换导出了无限长空间板在轴对称荷载作用下的位移和应力解答,并通过与完全位移约束下的有限深地基模型、半无限大弹性地基模型和文克尔地基模型进行比较,分析它们之间的异同.分析结果表明:当H→∞时,无论底部是光滑刚性支承约束还是完全位移约束,在法向集中力作用下得到的水平面位移结果与半空间体的布希涅斯克位移解答在水平面上的位移是一致的;当H→0时,底部是光滑刚性支承约束与底部是完全位移约束取极限得到的文克勒地基基床系数是不同的.     

强夯法在处理湿陷性黄土中的研究

从工程应用出发,阐述了强夯法在处理湿陷性黄土地基的加固机理以及强夯技术在处理黄土地基中的有效加固深度、夯击能等的确定,并对夯点的布置、夯击遍数和间歇时间和夯击加载机具的选择进行了介绍.     

Terrestrial isopods and myriapods in a forested scree slope: subterranean biodiversity,depth gradient and annual dynamics

Diversity, depth distribution and seasonal activity of isopods and myriapods were studied using subterranean traps buried in a forested limestone scree slope in the ?ierna Hora Mts, Western Carpathians, Slovakia, throughout the depth gradient from 5 to 95 cm. A total of five isopod, 13 diplopod and 11 chilopod species were identified. Most edaphic species strongly preferred the uppermost organic soil layers. Among the species captured, some represented rare stenoecous Carpathian endemics, namely the isopod Trichoniscus carpaticus, and diplopods Julus curvicornis and Leptoiulus mariae. Others were subterranean forms, partly adapted to hypogean conditions: the isopod Mesoniscus graniger, and diplopods Mecogonopodium carpathicum and Trachysphaera costata. The annual activity in the vast majority of the species ceased completely in winter, and was gradually relaunched in spring. In evaluating the age structure of two predominant diplopods Polydesmus denticulatus and Mecogonopodium carpathicum, both widespread across the depth gradient, a vertical segregation of early post-embryonic stages was found. While P. denticulatus tended to undergo the early stages of development in the soil-filled topmost levels, the early juvenile stage of M. carpathicum was distributed deep in the scree slope profile.     

激光诱导残余应力的试验

对激光诱导残余应力的机理进行了分析研究.用波长1.06μm、脉宽23 ns、功率密度108~109W/cm2的脉冲激光冲击外形尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×5.5 mm的LY12CZ试样,研究了激光能量密度和冲击次数对残余应力分布的影响,并将激光诱导的残余应力与传统的机械喷丸形成的残余应力进行比较.结果表明:残余压应力随着激光能量密度的加大而加大,残余压应力层的深度随着冲击次数的增加而增加,激光诱导的残余压应力层的深度是传统机械喷丸形成的3~4倍.     

A Time‐Simultaneous Prediction Box for a Multivariate Time Series

A sample‐based method in Kolsrud (Journal of Forecasting 2007; 26 (3): 171–188) for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series is extended to produce a variable‐ and time‐simultaneous prediction box for a multivariate time series. A measure of distance based on the L_∞ ‐norm is applied to a learning sample of multivariate time trajectories, which can be mean‐ and/or variance‐nonstationary. Based on the ranking of distances to the centre of the sample, a subsample of the most central multivariate trajectories is selected. A prediction box is constructed by circumscribing the subsample with a hyperrectangle. The fraction of central trajectories selected into the subsample can be calibrated by bootstrap such that the expected coverage of the box equals a prescribed nominal level. The method is related to the concept of data depth, and thence modified to increase coverage. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the method, which is also compared to several other methods in the literature adapted to the multivariate setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.