Scientists and their cultural heritage: Knowledge,politics and ambivalent relationships

For many years, scientific heritage has received attention from multiple actors from different spheres of activity—archives, museums, scientific institutions. Beyond the heterogeneity revealed when examining the place of scientific heritage in different places, an authentic patrimonial configuration emerges and takes the form of a nebula of claims and of accomplishments that result, in some cases, in institutional and political recognition at the national level, in various country all around the world. At the international level, the creation of the international committee dedicated to University Museums and Collections (UMAC) within the International Council of Museums (ICOM) certainly testified from this raising interest in academic heritage and the existence of a specific community concern with it.This article presents numerous initiatives for the preservation of scientific heritage in France, with the goal of analysing the relationship scientists have with their heritage. We argue that scientific communities have a special relationship with heritage, which is characterized by a number of ambiguities. We show that such ambivalences allow analysis of identity, discipline, professional, and social issues operative in defining heritage and being redefined by heritage. To explore these dimensions, we have chosen to present three different case studies. The first traces the institutional uses of heritage by a scientific institution, the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), through the transformation of the first French atomic reactor (ZOE) into a museum. The second example describes the initiatives of French astronomers from the mid-1990s to construct a national programme for the protection of astronomy heritage. Lastly, we recount the case of universities, with the example of the Université de Strasbourg.     

科技人员科研水平评估的研究

通过对某企业科技人员科研水平的评估,利用因子分析法对评估指标进行筛选,运用层次分析法建立评估结构系统, 并确定诸指标的权重,建立模糊优选分析的模型, 求出各评价对象的隶属度,来进行综合评判,取得较好的效果．     

Object-Oriented Design for FDTD Visual Scientific Computing

COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION1. INTRODUCTIONFinite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method 11] is widely used in the numerical simulation of electromagneticfields, especially when calculating the radistion from a coIDPlex system or the scattering of complex structure. The proposition of perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary colldition [31 is regarded as abreakthrough of FDTD method, it brillgs more and more people to pay their attention.Unfortunately) due …     

虚切片方法改善Shear-Warp算法的图像失真

分析了Shear-Warp算法在实际绘制过程中出现的图像失真问题,提出了一种虚切片方法,通过在Shear-Warp算法基础上添加虚切片解决图像失真问题。实践表明,采用虚切片方法的Shear-Warp算法有效的解决了Shear-Warp算法的图像失真问题。     

中国古代循环演化思想探讨

循环演化观念是中国古代自然观的重要组成部分,对传统科学文化产生过广泛影响。本文系统考查了古代有关理论所反映的循环演化思想,初步分析了其基本内涵及科学价值,并指出了其局限性。     

基于自注意力机制的科技术语自动提取技术研究

科技术语提取是科技术语自动处理的重要环节,对后续的机器翻译、信息检索、QA问答等任务有重要意义.传统的人工科技术语提取方法耗费大量的人力成本.而一种自动提取科技术语方法是将术语提取转化为序列标注问题,通过监督学习方法训练出标注模型,但是面临缺乏大规模科技术语标注语料库的问题.文章引入远程监督的方法来产生大规模训练标注语...     

贯彻落实科学发展观指导解决"三农"问题

科学发展观是中国共产党对社会主义现代化建设指导思想的新发展。“三农”问题是目前我国最大的发展难题。以科学发展观为指导使我们对解决“三农”问题有了更为深刻的认识。认真贯彻落实以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,必须保障农民的合法权利,培养造就新型农民;加强对农业的支持保护力度,发展现代农业;加大统筹城乡经济社会发展力度,扎实推进新农村建设。     

科技期刊编辑的创新意识及其障碍分析

在知识经济时代如何根据知识经济的特点实现科技期刊的创新是每位期刊编辑所必须解决的问题,文章结合时代特点论述了科技期刊编辑创新意识的具体体现,通过分析影响编辑创新的障碍,提出了培养科技期刊编辑创新意识的对策建议．     

《细胞生物学》综合实验教学改革

通过对《细胞生物学》综合实验的教学改革,提高生物科学专业学生的科研创新意识。方法:在生物科学专业增设生物技术综合实验课程,以单克隆抗体实验为中心通过综合性、设计性实验培养学生发现问题、思考问题和解决问题的能力,提高了学生对科研的认识。结果:通过教学改革使学生对科研过程有基本的了解,在标书撰写、实验操作、论文写作方面均有提高。实验教学改革提高了学生的动手能力,能培养具有初步科研能力的生物专业人才。     

行动者网络理论的工程哲学意蕴——布鲁诺·拉图尔思想研究

行动者网络理论(Actor-Network Theory,简称ANT)从研究科学家和工程师的行动过程展开对科学的研究。由于这个行动过程的异质性、集成性、组织性,因而实际上是把科学知识的生产作为工程来研究。ANT人类学研究方法的外衣下蕴含着丰富而深刻的工程哲学思想。探究ANT中的工程哲学思想对工程哲学的研究具有重要的理论意义。