国际科技合作中知识转移风险的研究

随着科技全球化的发展和深入,国际科技合作成为各国政府和科研机构提升自身科研水平和核心竞争力的有力途径。然而,在国际科技合作中进行知识的转移与交流时,不可避免的面临着各种各样的风险,如何识别扣防范这些风险成为目前亟待解决的议题。有鉴于此,本文从知识、合作成员和环境三个维度,系统的对国际科技合作中的知识转移风险因素进行了分析,并据此进一步构建出相应的风险防范机制模型,力图为降低国际科技中的知识转移风险提供科学的理论依据。     

Valiantzas模型在广西参考作物蒸散发预测的适用性研究

参考作物蒸散发(Reference Evapotranspiration, ET₀)的精确计算是灌溉制度设计、水资源分配及管理的基础。本研究基于广西喀斯特与非喀斯特地区10个典型气象站点5年半的逐日气温、风速、相对湿度和日照时数数据,系统评估了Valiantzas系列简化模型(对应于不同气象因子缺失情况)在广西的适用性,并以Kling-Gupta Efficiency系数(KGE)、Nash效率系数(NSE)、决定系数(R²)、均方根误差(RMSE)以及平均偏差(PBIAS)作为评价指标。结果表明：Valiantzas-M1模型与FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 P-M)模型所需气象因子相同,但精度较高,其NSE和RMSE分别为0.796-0.841和0.557-0.641 mm/d,便于实际应用,可替代FAO-56 P-M模型。缺失风速时,原始Valiantzas-M2模型误差较大,用广西地区平均风速对其进行修正的Valiantzas-M2-modify模型能够提高ET₀模拟精度,降低误差,...     

基于支持向量机的信用评估模型及风险评价

运用基于支持向量机理来建立一个新的个人信用评估预测模型,以期取得更好的预测分类能力.并对SVM分类结果与三层全连接BPN分类结果进行了比较.结果表明,在判别潜在的贷款申请者中支持向量的判别结果比神经网络的要好.为了减小训练集偏差及为了验证两种方法的鲁棒性,基于两种策略(平衡样本与非平衡样本)交叉验证来进一步评价SVM分类准确性,并对两种方法基于两种策略的误分类作了风险代价分析.     

基于VaR的多阶段存货风险衡量方法

VaR(风险价值)方法在金融管理中作为一种衡量风险的有效手段,得到了越来越广泛的应用. 探讨VaR方法应用于存货的风险控制,通过将存货区分为单一阶段存货和多阶段存货,借助VaR的方法,讨论了多阶段存货管理中的风险衡量问题;介绍了存货管理中与VaR方法有关的基本概念;通过VaR方法的运用,建立了随机需求下的多阶段存货决策模型,并采用解析方法得到了VaR值的分布范围,为有效度量多阶段存货风险提供了期望最大收益(或最大成本)的界值.     

技术和价格不确定下企业研发投资决策研究

随着科学技术的迅速发展,研发(RD)活动对企业的生存与发展日益重要.本文将企业研发投资项目所承受的风险分为两种:研发前期不可对冲的技术风险,以及研发产品投入市场时因价格和需求的不确定性所承受的价格风险,而后者是可以部分对冲的.本文考虑一个以创新研发投资为主的企业,如何进行相应的投资消费问题.通过建立效用最大化模型,运用随机最优控制理论与方法得到关于指数效用函数的最优策略,同时阐述了研发投资价值及其投资/中止阈值.数值结果表明:较大的技术风险,会产生更大的信息生成价值,使得研发的总价值不减反增;风险厌恶态度对企业的研发价值以及研发/中止阈值都有较明显的影响;因研发信息生成价值的存在,使得研发/中止阈值不同于传统净现值(NPV)降为零的阈值.     

基于离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率的研究

新定义离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率为初始盈余u,亏损额度不大于y的破产概率。利用离散时间风险模型下的终时破产概率的计算规律,得到初始盈余水平在不同条件下的亏损破产概率的具体表达形式,并且数值模拟了一定条件下不同参数取值对亏损破产概率的影响情况,数据表明当亏损边界固定时,随着初始盈余水平的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐减小;当初始盈余水平固定时,随着亏损边界的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐增多。     

Forecasting with Micro Panels: The Case of Health Care Costs

Micro panels characterized by large numbers of individuals observed over a short time period provide a rich source of information, but as yet there is only limited experience in using such data for forecasting. Existing simulation evidence supports the use of a fixed‐effects approach when forecasting but it is not based on a truly micro panel set‐up. In this study, we exploit the linkage of a representative survey of more than 250,000 Australians aged 45 and over to 4 years of hospital, medical and pharmaceutical records. The availability of panel health cost data allows the use of predictors based on fixed‐effects estimates designed to guard against possible omitted variable biases associated with unobservable individual specific effects. We demonstrate the preference towards fixed‐effects‐based predictors is unlikely to hold in many practical situations, including our models of health care costs. Simulation evidence with a micro panel set‐up adds support and additional insights to the results obtained in the application. These results are supportive of the use of the ordinary least squares predictor in a wide range of circumstances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The US Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate: Structural Modeling and Forecasting During the Recent Financial Crises

The paper investigates the determinants of the US dollar/euro within the framework of the asset pricing theory of exchange rate determination, which posits that current exchange rate fluctuations are determined by the entire path of current and future revisions in expectations about fundamentals. In this perspective, we innovate by conditioning on Fama–French and Carhart risk factors, which directly measures changing market expectations about the economic outlook, on new financial condition indexes and macroeconomic variables. The macro‐finance augmented econometric model has a remarkable in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive ability, largely outperforming a standard autoregressive specification. We also document a stable relationship between the US dollar/euro Carhart momentum conditional correlation (CCW) and the euro area business cycle. CCW signals a progressive weakening in economic conditions since June 2014, consistent with the scattered recovery from the sovereign debt crisis and the new Greek solvency crisis exploded in late spring/early summer 2015. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A decision rule to minimize daily capital charges in forecasting value‐at‐risk

Under the Basel II Accord, banks and other authorized deposit‐taking institutions (ADIs) have to communicate their daily risk estimates to the monetary authorities at the beginning of the trading day, using a variety of value‐at‐risk (VaR) models to measure risk. Sometimes the risk estimates communicated using these models are too high, thereby leading to large capital requirements and high capital costs. At other times, the risk estimates are too low, leading to excessive violations, so that realized losses are above the estimated risk. In this paper we analyze the profit‐maximizing problem of an ADI subject to capital requirements under the Basel II Accord as ADIs have to choose an optimal VaR reporting strategy that minimizes daily capital charges. Accordingly, we suggest a dynamic communication and forecasting strategy that responds to violations in a discrete and instantaneous manner, while adapting more slowly in periods of no violations. We apply the proposed strategy to Standard & Poor's 500 Index and show there can be substantial savings in daily capital charges, while restricting the number of violations to within the Basel II penalty limits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forward Rates,Monetary Policy and the Economic Cycle

The short end of the yield curve incorporates essential information to forecast central banks' decisions, but in a biased manner. This article proposes a new method to forecast the Fed and the European Central Bank's decision rate by correcting the swap rates for their cyclical economic premium, using an affine term structure model. The corrected yields offer a higher out‐of‐sample forecasting power than the yields themselves. They also deliver forecasts that are either comparable or better than those obtained with a factor‐augmented vector autoregressive model, underlining the fact that yields are likely to contain at least as much information regarding monetary policy as a dataset composed of economic data series. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.