基于WRT方法的港口危化品物流风险评估研究

针对港口危化品物流风险管理中风险因素众多和交互影响的复杂性,构建港口危化品物流的WRT风险评估模型.首先基于物理-事理-人理WSR理论构建港口危化品物流风险评估指标框架,其次通过风险过滤和排序RFRM理论对风险因素进行双重过滤,保留关键风险因素.然后基于TSS情景构建理论从物理、事理和人理三个层面构建港口危化品物流的多维风险情景,通过深入剖析各风险情景下风险因素之间的耦合关系,刻画港口危化品物流中的不同风险状态与风险源最后,基于熵权法和贝叶斯理论对我国7个重要港口进行多维情景风险评估,结果表明天津港和南京港整体风险较大,多数情况下二维情景风险大于三维情景风险,同时从多维风险情景下对物理、事理、人理的耦合风险进行分析,展示了各港口的薄弱环节,最后为港口危化品物流风险管理提出建议.     

基于故障风险标尺的复杂装备健康状态分类模型

针对复杂装备故障呈现出多重性、相关性及模糊性的特点,本文分析了装备健康状态演化规律,利用自适应模糊神经网络、故障模式、影响及危害性分析构建故障风险标尺,实现了对复杂装备故障风险程度的定量化描述及装备健康状态的分类。通过实验分析,本文提出的模型相比于传统的故障预测以及故障风险程度定量方法具有显著优势,实现了对装备从设计生产、部署使用以及退役报废全寿命周期的动态反馈,对提高复杂装备综合保障能力具有重要意义。     

A decision rule to minimize daily capital charges in forecasting value‐at‐risk

Under the Basel II Accord, banks and other authorized deposit‐taking institutions (ADIs) have to communicate their daily risk estimates to the monetary authorities at the beginning of the trading day, using a variety of value‐at‐risk (VaR) models to measure risk. Sometimes the risk estimates communicated using these models are too high, thereby leading to large capital requirements and high capital costs. At other times, the risk estimates are too low, leading to excessive violations, so that realized losses are above the estimated risk. In this paper we analyze the profit‐maximizing problem of an ADI subject to capital requirements under the Basel II Accord as ADIs have to choose an optimal VaR reporting strategy that minimizes daily capital charges. Accordingly, we suggest a dynamic communication and forecasting strategy that responds to violations in a discrete and instantaneous manner, while adapting more slowly in periods of no violations. We apply the proposed strategy to Standard & Poor's 500 Index and show there can be substantial savings in daily capital charges, while restricting the number of violations to within the Basel II penalty limits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于效用最大化的PPP项目社会资本社会风险决策行为研究

本文基于期望效用理论构建了社会资本在面临PPP项目社会风险决策时的数学模型.文章将其决策行为分为正向行为和负向行为.通过计算分析得出社会资本的社会风险决策共存在四种情形,并且归纳出在完全由社会资本承担社会风险损失的情况下其必然会选择负向行为.对此,文章提出了四种情形下相应的补偿机制,通过该机制可确保社会资本采取正向行为,提升PPP项目社会效益.并进一步分析了折现率与PPP合同期长短分别对社会风险决策行为的不同影响.研究最终表明社会资本对长短期利益的重视程度是正负向决策行为选择的关键因素,"伙伴关系"与"风险合理分担"是促进正向行为选择的有效路径.     

地震损失风险的Copula混合分布模型及其应用

地震造成的损失主要包括直接经济损失和人员伤亡.本文以我国1950-2015年期间的地震灾害统计数据作为研究样本,建立了地震灾害造成的直接经济损失和死亡人数的Copula混合分布模型.在该模型中,用右截断的Gumble分布与广义帕累托分布构造的混合分布拟合对数直接经济损失,用两端截断的负二项分布与广义帕累托分布构造的混合分布拟合死亡人数,用Copula函数建立直接经济损失与死亡人数之间的相依关系,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟计算风险相依情况下地震灾害的风险度量值.与传统的地震灾害模型相比,本文提出的直接经济损失与死亡人数的Copula混合分布模型对巨灾数据的拟合更加合理,为我国建立地震巨灾保险制度提供了一种可供选择的精算模型.     

城市火灾风险认知述评及其逻辑局限和对策

城市火灾风险认知旨在理解城市火灾风险的本质,是城市火灾研究的一项重要内容,是城市火灾风险分析和评估的基础.本文对国内外学术论文和消防标准中有关城市火灾风险的各种概念构建或思想学说进行了整理,归纳出还原论、整体论和复杂论等三个不同阶段的若干视角及其主要观点,展现了其系统化、多维化演进态势和中国学者的一系列突出贡献;发现了其三个方面的逻辑性认知局限问题:科学逻辑缺乏明确性、数学逻辑缺乏普适性、理论逻辑和实践逻辑之间具有冲突性;最后,以引入哲理科学、哲理数学及和谐管理理论等原创性理论为契机和前提,提出了解决上述逻辑问题的研究对策暨未来研究的初步规划.     

The US Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate: Structural Modeling and Forecasting During the Recent Financial Crises

The paper investigates the determinants of the US dollar/euro within the framework of the asset pricing theory of exchange rate determination, which posits that current exchange rate fluctuations are determined by the entire path of current and future revisions in expectations about fundamentals. In this perspective, we innovate by conditioning on Fama–French and Carhart risk factors, which directly measures changing market expectations about the economic outlook, on new financial condition indexes and macroeconomic variables. The macro‐finance augmented econometric model has a remarkable in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive ability, largely outperforming a standard autoregressive specification. We also document a stable relationship between the US dollar/euro Carhart momentum conditional correlation (CCW) and the euro area business cycle. CCW signals a progressive weakening in economic conditions since June 2014, consistent with the scattered recovery from the sovereign debt crisis and the new Greek solvency crisis exploded in late spring/early summer 2015. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting with Micro Panels: The Case of Health Care Costs

Micro panels characterized by large numbers of individuals observed over a short time period provide a rich source of information, but as yet there is only limited experience in using such data for forecasting. Existing simulation evidence supports the use of a fixed‐effects approach when forecasting but it is not based on a truly micro panel set‐up. In this study, we exploit the linkage of a representative survey of more than 250,000 Australians aged 45 and over to 4 years of hospital, medical and pharmaceutical records. The availability of panel health cost data allows the use of predictors based on fixed‐effects estimates designed to guard against possible omitted variable biases associated with unobservable individual specific effects. We demonstrate the preference towards fixed‐effects‐based predictors is unlikely to hold in many practical situations, including our models of health care costs. Simulation evidence with a micro panel set‐up adds support and additional insights to the results obtained in the application. These results are supportive of the use of the ordinary least squares predictor in a wide range of circumstances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率的研究

新定义离散时间风险模型下的亏损破产概率为初始盈余u,亏损额度不大于y的破产概率。利用离散时间风险模型下的终时破产概率的计算规律,得到初始盈余水平在不同条件下的亏损破产概率的具体表达形式,并且数值模拟了一定条件下不同参数取值对亏损破产概率的影响情况,数据表明当亏损边界固定时,随着初始盈余水平的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐减小;当初始盈余水平固定时,随着亏损边界的增加,亏损破产概率水平逐渐增多。     

国际科技合作中知识转移风险的研究

随着科技全球化的发展和深入,国际科技合作成为各国政府和科研机构提升自身科研水平和核心竞争力的有力途径。然而,在国际科技合作中进行知识的转移与交流时,不可避免的面临着各种各样的风险,如何识别扣防范这些风险成为目前亟待解决的议题。有鉴于此,本文从知识、合作成员和环境三个维度,系统的对国际科技合作中的知识转移风险因素进行了分析,并据此进一步构建出相应的风险防范机制模型,力图为降低国际科技中的知识转移风险提供科学的理论依据。