昆虫窝卵数：现象及其解释

自然界广泛存在生物体产卵成批（窝、块等）现象（如姐妹利间异同、频次分布、季节动态及年间变异）等昆虫系统发育和个体生长（如解剖学特征、个体大小、年龄（产卵顺序）等内因和环境资源（寄主植物、昆虫、温度、水分等）等外因对窝卵数（ｃｌｕｔｃｈｓｉｚｅ）均有一定影响,同一窝卵中的个体受捕食、被寄生、姐妹手足竞争、卵粒大小、个体大小、生殖力、性比等子代适合度因子也受窝卵数大小的影响,本文总结以上各现象提出一关系模型．以较为综合的“窝卵数与继续繁殖间的平衡”假说,从理论上阐述昆虫决定窝印数的机制,并讨论窝印数研究的实际意义。     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.     

非线性摄动电报方程初值问题的渐近理论

对一类二阶半线性摄动电报方程,给出了一个渐近方法,证明了解的渐近理论及形式近似解的合理性都在时间变量无穷大时（０≤ｔ≤Ｏ（｜ε｜－１））成立,并推广了赖绍永的工作［应用数学及力学,１９９７,１８（７）：６１１～６１６］．     

Chronology of environmental events over East Asia during the past 130 ka

In the transitional region between the Loess Plateau and deserts, 4 sections located respectively at Yuling, Hengshan, Dingbian and Huining of China are studied. The high-resolution paleoclimatic records obtained show that environmental events on varying time scales have happened over East Asia. These events are dated with the time scales established using the recently-developed approach of Automatic Orbital Tuning. This leads to the establishment of the chronology of the environmental events.     

基于梯度的虹膜定位方法

为了提高虹膜定位的速度以及虹膜定位的准确性，依据虹膜图像灰度的分布特性及良好的环状性质，检测出瞳孔边缘以减少参与Hough变换的点数，进而定位虹膜内边缘．对于外边缘定位采用基于灰度梯度的微分积分圆形检测算子的方法．实验结果表明，此种方法能够准确地进行虹膜内外边缘定位，避免了含有大量其它区域对定位带来的影响．     

基于Agent的农田生态细胞自动机模型

提出一种基于Agent的细胞自动机(CA)演化模型，并采用整体建模仿真的方法，对农田虫害的演化进行了模拟．它采用自底向上的建模思想，利用Agent的局部连接规则，建立复杂系统的整体模型．针对不同环境条件设定相应的仿真参数，可以得到恰当的害虫种群演化结果，有助于农田生态管理的科学决策．同时，农田虫害的管理是预测专家系统的重要应用领域，该模型与专家系统的最终集成，可以提高专家系统的预测能力．     

Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance

In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening.     

再现轨迹的凸轮连杆组合机构优化设计

分析了再现轨迹凸轮连杆组合机构的运动原理,推导出了计算公式,并给出了该组合机构尺度综合的优化设计方法。     

一种在压缩域内的帧类型转换方法

论述了在压缩域内将MPEG-2码流中的B帧或P帧转换为Ⅰ帧的方法。根据DCT变换的正交特性，在将运动补偿运算转换为矩阵相乘运算后，推导出压缩域帧类型转换的计算公式。针对采用半像素精度运动估计的帧，对相应公式做了修正。由于量化阶的选择极大影响转换过程中的失真程度和码率的大小，提出了一种重新计算量化阶的方法，利用压缩域的信息计算宏块的活动性，并由该活动性信息调整量化阶的大小。仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

对称组合系统的鲁棒输出调节

研究了对称组合系统的鲁棒输出调节问题。结果表明，对称组合系统的鲁棒输出调整问题可以转化为两个修正的低阶子系统的鲁棒输出调节问题。并可通过考察两个低阶矩阵行的线性相关性得到解决。