Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

The green nanocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hyd roxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) contents were prepared by solution casting method. Th e effects of CNCs on the crystallization behavior, spherulitic morphology, crystal structure and hydrophilic property of PHBV were studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarized optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and static water contact angle measurement. It is found that the CNCs act as an effective nucleation agent for crystallization of PHBV, inducing an increase in the melt crystallization tempera ture of the nanocomposites. A study of the non-isothermal crystallizatio n kinetics further illustrated that overall crystallization rate of PHBV in the nanocomposites was faster than that of neat PHBV, but exhibited a decrease in the crystallinity and the spherulite size of PHBV. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased from 60.1° for neat PHBV to 32.5° for the nanocomposites with 10% CNCs (mass fraction).     

两组纤维素分解菌复合系MC-A1和MC-N1的筛选及其协同功能初探

采用连续传代方法分别从自制堆肥和几种自然发酵基质中筛选出纤维素分解能力较强的两组混合菌复合系MC-A1和MC-N1,前者是通过高温摇瓶发酵定期传代获得的耐高温好氧性的纤维素分解菌群,后者则是通过高温静止培养定期传代获得的耐高温兼氧性的纤维素分解菌群,这两组纤维素分解菌复合系在96 h内对天然纤维素材料麦秆粉的分解率分别达到42%和38%,分解速度最快时期均发生在48~96 h内,96 h以后麦秆粉分解率迅速减缓。麦秆粉发酵培养液先接种好氧性纤维素分解菌复合系MC-A1摇瓶发酵96 h,再接种兼氧性纤维素分解菌复合系MC-N1静止培养96 h,麦秆粉的分解效率可以提高到47%,说明这两组纤维素分解菌复合系在非天然纤维素分解过程中发挥协同作用。     

Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.2摇瓶发酵细菌纤维素的动力学研究

研究了细菌纤维素生产菌株Acetobacter xylinum NUST4.2的发酵动力学特性,建立了基于Logistic方程的菌体生长动力学、产物生成动力学、底物消耗动力学,得到了描述摇瓶发酵过程的动力学模型及模型参数,模型与实验数据拟合良好,反映了该菌株分批发酵过程的动力学特征。     

天然高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

介绍了天然高分子改性絮凝剂——淀粉类、木质素类、甲壳素类、植物胶类以及纤维素类絮凝剂的研究及应用现状,包括絮凝剂合成的原料、方法,各种类型絮凝剂的特点、应用范围及存在的不足;对天然高分子絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Biorefinery of bacterial cellulose from rice straw: enhanced enzymatic saccharification by ionic liquid pretreatment

The pretreatment of rice straw is often used to enhance the hydrolysis. 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([AMIM]Cl) is a kind of low viscous,nontoxic and recyclable ionic liquid. It was used to treat rice straw and improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw in this study. The factors influencing the pretreatment were as follows:the dosage of rice straw in [AMIM]Cl,crush mesh of rice straw,pretreatment temperature and time. After the pretreatment with a 3 %(the weight ratio of rice straw to ionic liquid) rice straw dosage in [AMIM]Cl at 110 ℃ for 1 h,the yield of reducing sugar of regenerated rice straw by 33 U/mL cellulase hydrolysis was 53.3 %,which was two times higher than that of un-treated rice straw(23.7 %) . More researches regarding straw biorefinery to bacterial cellulose are being performed in the lab and prospective results will be published in near future.     

螯合木屑黄原酸盐对Cu2 、Ni2 和Cd2 的吸附平衡与动力学研究

采用丙烯酸甲酯、乙二胺对碱化木屑进行接枝反应,然后用二硫化碳黄化,合成了具有酰胺基和氨基的木屑黄原酸盐;并研究了其对重金属离子Cu2+、Ni2+和Cd2+的吸附行为。结果表明,螯合木屑黄原酸盐对Cu2+、Ni2+和Cd2+的平衡吸附量次序为:Cd2+>Cu2+>Ni2+,其值分别是32.873 mg/g、17.328 mg/g和32.982 mg/g。等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,说明吸附可能属于单分子层吸附;动力学吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附过程可能属于化学吸附反应。     

不同链长黄原酸钾的制备和提纯

利用直接合成法制备乙基、丁基、辛基、十二烷基、十六烷基黄原酸盐,通过丙酮-石油醚溶解、重结晶法提纯.产品纯度除十六烷基黄原酸盐为92.7%外,其他各种长链的黄原酸盐均可达到99%以上.利用各种黄原酸盐为前驱体分别成功地制备出硫化镉和硫化锌纳米粒子并对其进行表征.     

纤维素固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

用高碘酸钠（NaIO4)溶液将棉纤维素氧化成氧化纤维素,并将其作为载体使葡萄糖氧化酶能够固定化。考察了溶液的pH值、氧化时间、温度和氧化剂浓度等氧化条件对氧化纤维素醛基含量的影响,优化了氧化条件,研究了固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的活性,借助傅里叶红外光谱和酸－碱滴定法等手段,探讨了葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化机理。研究结果表明,纤维素固定化葡萄糖氧化酶具有较高的生物活性。     

Porous spherical cellulose composites coated by aluminum (III) oxide and silicone: Preparation, characterization and adsorption behavior

Porous spherical cellulose composite (PSCA) coated by aluminum (III) oxide was prepared and modified by organosilicone. SEM images of the surface morphology of the bead cellulose shows that it has spherical shape and abundant porous structure on its surface. The mapping images, of aluminum and silicon of the composite (PSCAS) present aluminum (III) oxide and silicone are uniformly dispersed on the surface. The adsorption behavior of PSCAS toward metal ions was determined. Foundation item: Supported by the Scientific Committee of Hubei Province (20001P1903) and Scientific Committee of Wuhan (20006010106) Biography: Meng Ling-zhi(1947-), Associate professor, research direction: polymer ligand catalyst and ligand adsorption.     

纤维素醚/Eu(Ⅲ)/羧酸配合物的结构及荧光性能

制备了一系列发光纤维素醚／Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）／羧酸三元配合物,并用傅立叶红外光谱测试了它们的结构,讨论了这些三元配合物的结构与发光性能之间的关系。结果表明,所加入的小分子羧酸均参与了与Ｅｕ＾３＋的配位,三元配合物的发光性能不仅与纤维素醚的性质有关,还与小分子羧酸的结构及小分子羧酸与Ｅｕ＾３＋的杨位能力有关。