一类内可逆循环运行的优化

本文讨论工作限于有限高低温热源间循环的有限时间热力学过程的优化。这一循环由两个多方过程和两个绝热过程组成,并被广泛地用于实际工作。本文分别讨论了以最大輸出功率、最大效率和最小熵产生率为目标函数运行的优化,井将这些结果与无限熱源条件下优化的结果加以比较。这一模型更接近于实际,结论有较强的指导意义。     

二热源制冷机的（εR）max

指出二热源制冷机的制冷系数ε与制冷率R 的乘积εR存在最大界限(εR)_(max)。它是制冷机的一个重要性能参数。讨论了三种不同情况下(εR)_(max)的主要特征,所得结果将有助于对实际制冷机各种性能界限的进一步了解,并可对制冷机最佳工作状态的选择提供一些新的理论依据。     

关于最长圈交Crotschel猜想的证明

讨论了最长路的交及性质,证明了Ｇｒｏｔｓｃｈｅｌ猜想：Ｃ１和Ｃ２是ｋ－连通图Ｇ的两个最长圈,则│Ｖ（Ｃ１）∩Ｖ（Ｃ２）│≥ｋ,且公共点Ｖ（Ｃ１）∩Ｖ（Ｃ２）形成Ｇ的一个顶点割。     

脂肪细胞分化: 一个故事、两个章节

细胞分化是多细胞个体发育和干细胞实现功能活动的基本过程. 作为诱导白色脂肪细胞分化的体外模型, 小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞系的定向分化过程由依赖于细胞周期特定时相(接触抑制期)的许可阶段和独立于细胞周期的执行阶段所组成. 在接触抑制期, 通过细胞代谢方式、细胞周期调控因子和细胞信号转导通路之间的相互作用, 决定了各种染色质表观遗传修饰因子的活动, 从而导致具备脂肪细胞分化潜能的染色质表观遗传修饰模式的形成. 在随后的执行阶段, 这种分化潜能被激素诱发, 通过复杂的基因调控网络的动态活动, 使各种控制脂肪细胞分化基因表达的转录因子按既定的分化时间表打开或者关闭, 并决定相关的靶基因的表达, 最终导致了脂肪细胞的形成.     

Anti-amyloidogenic therapies: strategies for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current search for anti-AD drugs is mainly focused on modification of the process of accumulation of Aβ in the brain. Here, we review four anti-amyloidogenic strategies: (i) reduction of Aβ production, which has mainly been approached with secretase inhibition, (ii) promotion of the Aβ degrading catabolic pathway, including an Aβ degrading enzyme, neprilysin, (iii) immunotherapy for Aβ and (iv) inhibition of Aβ aggregation. We have reported that AD patients have a favorable molecular environment for Aβ aggregation and that various compounds, such as polyphenols, interfere with Aβ aggregation and destabilize preformed Aβ fibrils. Received 21 December 2005; received after revision 14 February 2006; accepted 29 March 2006     

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Alzheimer’s disease: pathophysiological and therapeutic significance

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Several studies have implicated molecular and cellular signaling cascades involving the serine-threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase β(GSK-3β) in the pathogenesis of AD. GSK-3β may play an important role in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, the two classical pathological hallmarks of AD. In this review, we discuss the interaction between GSK-3β and several key molecules involved in AD, including the presenilins, amyloid precursor protein, tau, and β-amyloid. We identify the signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD, including Wnt, Notch, and the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway. These may be potential therapeutic targets in AD. Received 19 December 2005; received after revision 24 January 2006; accepted 6 February 2006     

A markup model for forecasting inflation for the euro area

We develop a small model for forecasting inflation for the euro area using quarterly data over the period June 1973 to March 1999. The model is used to provide inflation forecasts from June 1999 to March 2002. We compare the forecasts from our model with those derived from six competing forecasting models, including autoregressions, vector autoregressions and Phillips‐curve based models. A considerable gain in forecasting performance is demonstrated using a relative root mean squared error criterion and the Diebold–Mariano test to make forecast comparisons. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柯西积分公式的推广

把一般的柯西积分公式integral from n=r(f(z)/((z-z_0)~m)dz=(2πi/(m-1)!f~(m-1)(z_0)推广到被积函数f(z)在周线Γ内部有2个及其以上奇点的情形,并得到了相应的积分计算公式.     

基于素质教育的中学地理教学改革与方法创新

结合中学地理教学目标、教材特点和当代中学生学习环境的变化,提出了基于素质教育的中学地理教师应具备的素质和技能:教师是复合型研究性人才;具有终身学习理念;具有科学方法论做指导;具有跨学科知识结构体系.根据目前中学地理教学的现状和问题,提出了基于素质教育的中学地理教学改革和方法创新的途径:自觉运用哲学理论和逻辑方法;软化学...