Molecular pathogenesis of apolipoprotein E-mediated amyloidosis in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) ɛ4 allele is a genetic risk factor for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the central nervous system, apoE is secreted mainly by astrocytes as a constituent of high-density lipoproteins. A recent study using apoE knockout mice provided strong evidence that apoE promotes cerebral deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ). However, no clear explanation of the pathogenesis of apoE-induced AD has been provided. Here we discuss two possible mechanisms by which apoE might enhance Aβ deposition. One is the intracellular pathway in which apoE is internalized by neurons and induces lysosomal accumulation of Aβ and amyloidogenic APP (amyloid precursor protein) fragments, leading to neuronal death. The other is the extracellular pathway in which apoE-containing lipoproteins are trapped by Aβ1–42 deposits mobilizing soluble Aβ peptides and consequently enlarge amyloid plaques. These two mechanisms may operate at different stages of AD pathogenesis and suggest a chaperone-like function for the apoE molecule. Received 4 February 1999; received after revision 9 April 1999; accepted 23 April 1999     

热历史对Sialon／SiC_（p）复合陶瓷的相稳定性及力学性能的影响

研究热处理对致密Ｌｎ－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ（ｐ）复合陶瓷中α相稳定性的影响及由此引起的显微结构调控和力学性能变化，其中Ｌｎ＝Ｎｄ和Ｙｂ．Ｎｄ－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ（ｐ）中，α相热稳定性差，几乎全部相变为β相，而大量长柱状β晶粒的存在并未明显改善材料的断裂韧性（ＫＩＣ），原因在于长时间热处理导致晶粒相互聚集粗化．相对而言，Ｙｂ２Ｏ３可有效稳定α相，因此Ｙｂ－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣ（ｐ）中含有许多等轴状α晶粒，高硬度是此种材料力学性能的显著特征．     

七绝、文人竹枝词与客家山歌

七绝,本为来自民间的七言诗,经永明体而为近体诗之一种诗体;竹枝词,本为巴渝民歌,自刘禹锡以降．历代文人多有仿作,所仿作者为文人竹枝词;而客家山歌,则是自明清客家民系形成以来,至今犹传承于客地的鲜活民歌。从这三种诗歌中,可发现雅俗文学之间的交融、碰撞而嬗变的文学雅俗互动的有趣轨迹。     

额田王咏秋风歌之语象溯源

古代中日两国吟咏爱情的诗歌中，“秋风”一词时有所见。从日本最早的古典和歌大成《万叶集》中所记载的、由女歌人额田王所咪的“思近江天皇咏秋风歌”可知，它与中国六朝闺怨诗既有联系又有区别，“秋风”语象在当时的中日诗歌中具有不同的意蕴。     

Klein-Weyl's program and the ontology of gauge and quantum systems

We distinguish two orientations in Weyl's analysis of the fundamental role played by the notion of symmetry in physics, namely an orientation inspired by Klein's Erlangen program and a phenomenological-transcendental orientation. By privileging the former to the detriment of the latter, we sketch a group(oid)-theoretical program—that we call the Klein-Weyl program—for the interpretation of both gauge theories and quantum mechanics in a single conceptual framework. This program is based on Weyl's notion of a “structure-endowed entity” equipped with a “group of automorphisms”. First, we analyze what Weyl calls the “problem of relativity” in the frameworks provided by special relativity, general relativity, and Yang-Mills theories. We argue that both general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be understood in terms of a localization of Klein's Erlangen program: while the latter describes the group-theoretical automorphisms of a single structure (such as homogenous geometries), local gauge symmetries and the corresponding gauge fields (Ehresmann connections) can be naturally understood in terms of the groupoid-theoretical isomorphisms in a family of identical structures. Second, we argue that quantum mechanics can be understood in terms of a linearization of Klein's Erlangen program. This stance leads us to an interpretation of the fact that quantum numbers are “indices characterizing representations of groups” ((Weyl, 1931a), p.xxi) in terms of a correspondence between the ontological categories of identity and determinateness.     

微机化精密测试系统的研制

采用微机化的精密测试系统,记录铸铁及铝合金的热分析及微分热分析曲线,提取特征值,在三分钟内可预报铸铁及铝合金的机械性能和成份。本文介绍了测试系统的硬件部分以及由CBASIC与汇编语言交叉使用为本系统提供的软件。     

基于QFD的网站用户需求分析

以最终用户满意为驱动力,基于质量功能展开原理,提出一种将网站用户需求转化为对网站各个环节的要求的多层次演绎分析方法,即网站用户需求展开,为将用户满意理念贯穿于网站的设计与管理之中提供了理论框架与操作方法。     

油田特种车辆车架加固及修复工艺研究

针对油田特种车辆车架变形严重的现象,分析了油田特车车架受力情况,确定了车架出现裂纹的危险区域。采用不同的方法对车架进行焊修加固处理,有效地预防车架变形和裂纹,并对车架加固提出了一些建议。     

运用CAI教学手段,改革“食品工厂机械与设备”课堂教学的思考

结合食品工厂机械设备课程内容和特点,探讨CAI课件在教学改革中的作用．     

纳米硬度计研究多晶硅微悬臂梁力学特性

微构件的弹性系数影响微型传感器的静态和动态力学特性 ,为了精确的测试和评定微构件的力学特性 ,利用纳米硬度计通过微悬臂梁的弯曲试验来测量其力学特性。运用该方法可精确测量微悬臂梁纳米级弯曲变形 ,在研究微悬臂梁的纯弯曲变形过程中 ,必须考虑压头在微悬臂梁上的压入以及微悬臂沿宽度方向的挠曲。试验研究表明 ,多晶硅微悬臂梁的纯挠曲与载荷成很好的线性关系 ,通过线性关系计算得到梁的弹性模量为 [1± (2 .9%～ 6 .3% ) ]× 15 6 GPa。